The face inversion effect in infants is driven by high, and not low, spatial frequencies
The face inversion effect in infants is driven by high, and not low, spatial frequencies
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DOI：
10.1167/14.1.1
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Harms, Rachael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dobkins, Karen R.;Harms, Rachael
为了探讨婴儿直立面部偏好的发展机制，本研究测量了空间频率（SF）过滤后的面孔的反转效应，即低SF和高SF，并认为不同的SF通过不同的视觉机制来分析。为了与人脸进行比较，我们使用了由婴儿车图片组成的物体刺激。在4个月大的婴儿、8个月大的婴儿和成人中，我们测量了选择性面部反转效应（sFIE）的强度，从操作上定义为对面部的偏好大于对物体的偏好。在研究1中，我们采用未经过滤的刺激，在婴儿和成人中都发现了明显的sFIE。为了确定驱动sFIE的原因，在研究2中，测量了低sf和高sf刺激的sFIE，所有刺激都等同于能见度。对于成人，低sf和高sf刺激的sFIE同样强烈。在婴儿身上发现了不同的模式。婴儿在高SF刺激下的sFIE显著高于低SF刺激（只有高SF刺激的sFIE显著）。事实上，婴儿对高sf刺激的直立面部偏好强度与未过滤的面部没有区别，这表明在自然（未过滤）刺激下，高sf足以解释婴儿对直立面部的偏好。
To investigate the mechanisms underlying development of upright face preferences in infants, the current study measured inversion effects for faces that were spatial frequency (SF) filtered, into low SF and high SF, with the notion that different SFs are analyzed by different visual mechanisms. For comparison to faces, we used object stimuli that consisted of pictures of strollers. In 4 month olds, 8 month olds, and adults, we measured the strength of the selective face inversion effect (sFIE), operationally defined as an upright over inverted looking preference that is greater for faces than objects. In Study 1, we employed unfiltered stimuli, and found a clear sFIE in both infants and adults. To determine what drove this sFIE, in Study 2, the sFIE was measured for low-SF and high-SF stimuli, with all stimuli being equated for visibility. For adults, the sFIE was equally strong for low-SF and high-SF stimuli. A different pattern was seen for infants. Infants exhibited a significantly greater sFIE for high-SF, than for low-SF, stimuli (and only for high SF was the sFIE significant). In fact, the strength of infants' upright face preference for high-SF stimuli was indistinguishable from that observed for unfiltered faces, indicating that in natural (unfiltered) stimuli, high SFs are sufficient to account for infants' upright face preferences.