The genetic and epigenetic journey of embryonic stem cells into mature neural cells.
The genetic and epigenetic journey of embryonic stem cells into mature neural cells.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2012.00081
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Rastegar M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olynik BM;Rastegar M
表观遗传变化发生在从胚胎发育到成年的整个生命过程中。这导致发育重要基因的及时表达，确定体内不同细胞类型和组织的形态和身份。表观遗传学通过多种机制调节基因表达和细胞形态，而不改变潜在的 DNA 序列。不同的表观遗传机制包括染色质浓缩、组蛋白翻译后修饰、DNA 胞嘧啶标记和非编码 RNA 分子的活性。表观遗传学在发育、干细胞分化中发挥关键作用，并对人类疾病产生重大影响。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论我们目前关于这些表观遗传机制的知识，重点是组蛋白和 DNA 标记。然后我们将讨论胚胎干细胞自我更新和分化为神经干细胞，并进一步分化为特定神经元细胞类型的遗传学和表观遗传学。
Epigenetic changes occur throughout life from embryonic development into adulthood. This results in the timely expression of developmentally important genes, determining the morphology and identity of different cell types and tissues within the body. Epigenetics regulate gene expression and cellular morphology through multiple mechanisms without alteration in the underlying DNA sequences. Different epigenetic mechanisms include chromatin condensation, post-translational modification of histone proteins, DNA cytosine marks, and the activity of non-coding RNA molecules. Epigenetics play key roles in development, stem cell differentiation, and have high impact in human disease. In this review, we will discuss our current knowledge about these epigenetic mechanisms, with a focus on histone and DNA marks. We will then talk about the genetics and epigenetics of embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation into neural stem cells, and further into specific neuronal cell types.