Biochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals - A Review
Biochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals - A Review
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DOI：
10.2533/chimia.2015.572
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
Studer, Michael H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brethauer, Simone;Studer, Michael H.
木质纤维素生物质-例如木材、农业残留物或专用能源作物是用于生产燃料和化学品的有前景的可再生原料，其可以以低成本大规模获得，而不直接竞争食物用途。其在糖平台生物精炼厂的生化转化包括三个主要的单元操作，在这篇评论中说明：物理化学预处理的生物质，酶水解的碳水化合物的可发酵的糖流的纤维素酶和最后的糖的发酵通过合适的微生物的目标分子。由于第二代燃料乙醇是目前研究和开发最多的一种工艺，因此本文重点介绍了第二代燃料乙醇的生产技术、商业现状和发展前景。尽管取得了重大进展，但高酶成本仍然是大规模竞争性木质纤维素乙醇生产的障碍。这可以通过一种称为"联合生物处理"（CBP）的策略来克服，其中通过利用一种遗传工程改造的上级微生物或通过创建人工共培养物将酶生产、酶水解和发酵整合在一个步骤中。洞察力提供了两个CBP战略的生产乙醇以及先进的燃料和商品化学品。
Lignocellulosic biomass-such as wood, agricultural residues or dedicated energy crops is a promising renewable feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals that is available at large scale at low cost without direct competition for food usage. Its biochemical conversion in a sugar platform biorefinery includes three main unit operations that are illustrated in this review: the physico-chemical pretreatment of the biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis of the carbohydrates to a fermentable sugar stream by cellulases and finally the fermentation of the sugars by suitable microorganisms to the target molecules. Special emphasis in this review is put on the technology, commercial status and future prospects of the production of second-generation fuel ethanol, as this process has received most research and development efforts so far. Despite significant advances, high enzyme costs are still a hurdle for large scale competitive lignocellulosic ethanol production. This could be overcome by a strategy termed 'consolidated bioprocessing' (CBP), where enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation is integrated in one step either by utilizing one genetically engineered superior microorganism or by creating an artificial co-culture. Insight is provided on both CBP strategies for the production of ethanol as well as of advanced fuels and commodity chemicals.