Hepatitis B epidemiology in Asia, the Middle East and Africa
Hepatitis B epidemiology in Asia, the Middle East and Africa
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DOI：
10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00456-9
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发表时间：
2000-02-18
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
André, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
André, F
亚洲和非洲以前被列为B肝炎病毒（HBV）的高流行地区，但在一些国家，高效的疫苗接种计划已将这种模式转变为中度或低度流行。因此，中国现在是亚洲唯一一个HBV流行率高的国家。中度地方性的国家包括印度、韩国、菲律宾、台湾和泰国，低度地方性的国家包括日本、巴基斯坦、孟加拉国、新加坡、斯里兰卡和马来西亚。大多数非洲国家的HBV流行率都很高，突尼斯和摩洛哥除外，这两个国家的HBV流行率处于中等水平。赞比亚处于中度/高度流行的边缘。在中东，巴林、伊朗、以色列和科威特为低流行地区，塞浦路斯、伊拉克和阿拉伯联合酋长国为中等流行地区，埃及、约旦、阿曼、巴勒斯坦、也门和沙特阿拉伯为高流行地区。所有这些中东国家都有很大一部分人口接种了B型肝炎疫苗，这降低了感染率，特别是在沙特阿拉伯。台湾的疫苗接种计划也大大降低了HBV感染率。未来的疫苗接种计划必须考虑到HBV的传播方式、提供疫苗接种的医疗基础设施以及每个国家的社会经济和政治因素，以确定最具成本效益的感染控制方式。(C)2000爱思唯尔科技有限公司版权所有。
Asia and Africa have previously been classified as areas of high endemicity for hepatitis B virus (HBV), but in some countries highly effective vaccination programmes have shifted this pattern towards intermediate or low endemicity. Thus, China is now the only country in Asia where HBV endemicity is high. Countries with intermediate endemicity include India, Korea, the Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand, and those with low endemicity include Japan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. Most countries in Africa have high HBV endemicity, with the exceptions of Tunisia and Morocco, which have intermediate endemicity. Zambia has borderline intermediate/high endemicity. In the Middle East, Bahrain, Iran, Israel and Kuwait are areas of low endemicity, Cyprus, Iraq and the United Arab Emirates have intermediate endemicity, and Egypt, Jordan, Oman, Palestine, Yemen and Saudi Arabia have high endemicity. All of these Middle East countries reach a large proportion of their population with hepatitis B vaccination, which is reducing the infection rate, particularly in Saudi Arabia. The vaccination programme in Taiwan has also greatly reduced the HBV infection rate. Future vaccination programmes must take into account the mode of transmission of HBV, the healthcare infrastructure to deliver vaccination, and the socioeconomic and political factors in each individual country, to determine the most cost-effective way of infection control. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.