Genome editing opens a new era of genetic improvement in polyploid crops
Genome editing opens a new era of genetic improvement in polyploid crops
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cj.2018.07.004
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Q. Zaman;Chao Li;Hongtao Cheng;Q. Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Q. Zaman;Chao Li;Hongtao Cheng;Q. Hu
序列特异性核酸酶（SSN）在目的基因中产生双链DNA断裂（DSB），是植物中位点特异性基因组编辑的关键。基因组编辑已经发展成为一种通过诱导敲除突变来减少作物不良性状的方法。不同的SSN介导的基因组编辑系统，包括LAGLIDADG归巢核酸内切酶或大范围核酸酶、锌指核酸酶、转录激活因子样效应物核酸酶和成簇的规则间隔的短回文重复序列，正在成为在多倍体作物中引入功能突变的强大工具，所述多倍体作物包括柑橘、小麦、棉花、大豆、油菜籽、马铃薯、葡萄、亚麻荠、油菜和烟草。该方法利用生物学机制的知识，靶向诱导DSB及其易错修复，允许在指定的基因组位点高度特异性的变化。本文简要介绍了基因组编辑技术及其在多倍体作物遗传改良中的应用。
Sequence-specific nucleases (SSN) that generate double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in genes of interest are the key to site-specific genome editing in plants. Genome editing has developed into one method of reducing undesirable traits in crops by the induction of knockout mutations. Different SSN-mediated genome-editing systems, including LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases or meganucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, are emerging as robust tools for introducing functional mutations in polyploid crops including citrus, wheat, cotton, soybean, rapeseed, potato, grapes,Camelina sativa, dandelion, and tobacco. The approach utilizes knowledge of biological mechanisms for targeted induction of DSBs and their error-prone repair, allowing highly specific changes at designated genome loci. In this review, we briefly describe genome-editing technologies and their application to genetic improvement of polyploid crops.