Changes in immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea spp. root infusions and tinctures stored at 4 degrees C for four days.
Changes in immunomodulatory properties of Echinacea spp. root infusions and tinctures stored at 4 degrees C for four days.
复制标题
紫锥菊属免疫调节特性的变化。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cccn.2004.12.013
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kohut,MarianL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Senchina,DavidS;McCann,DustinA;Asp,JessicaM;Johnson,JackA;Cunnick,JoanE;Kaiser,MarkS;Kohut,MarianL
背景技术来自紫锥菊属成员的植物药物制剂在全世界都很流行并且经常用于治疗上呼吸道感染。随着草药越来越受欢迎，许多人在家中自制紫锥菊提取物，并将其储存在冰箱（4°C）温度下。我们测试了使用自制方法制成的紫锥菊提取物在 4°C 下储存 4 天后免疫调节功效发生变化的假设。方法制备了来自 5 个不同物种（狭叶紫锥菊、苍白紫锥菊、紫锥菊、血红紫锥菊、田纳西紫锥菊）的三种提取物类型（50% 乙醇酊剂、冷水输液、热水输液）。使用人血进行四项体外免疫测定（TNF-α、IL-10 和 IL-12 的单核细胞分泌；以及外周血单核细胞增殖），用于测试提取后第 1 天和第 4 天的提取物功效。使用了两种统计分析，传统的方差分析和几种解释内毒素影响的统计模型。 结果发现内毒素仅在 4 天的冷水输注中显着影响免疫结果，而不是在所有测定中。提取物在 TNF-α 测定中显示出最大的刺激作用。从提取物类型来看，50% 乙醇酊剂产生的免疫刺激最强。按物种划分，在我们的测定中，狭叶桉提取物是最有效的。总体而言，血红紫锥菊提取物的活性最低。结论综合起来，这些结果表明：(1) 自制紫锥菊提取物在体外可有效调节免疫细胞活性，但在 4°C 储存期间其特性会随时间而变化； (2) 提取物的内毒素效应可能是免疫生物学数据分析中的重要考虑因素。
BACKGROUNDPhytomedicinal preparations from members of the genus Echinacea are popular worldwide and frequently used to treat upper respiratory infections. With the increasing popularity of herbal medicines, many people are making their own Echinacea extracts at home and storing them at refrigerator (4 °C) temperatures. We tested the hypothesis that Echinacea extracts made using homemade methods change in immunomodulatory efficacy with storage at 4 °C over a 4-day period.METHODSThree extract types (50% ethanol tincture, cold water infusion, hot water infusion) from 5 different species (Echinacea angustifolia, E. pallida, E. purpurea, E. sanguinea, E. tennesseensis) were prepared. Four in vitro immune assays (monocyte secretion of TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-12; and peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation) using human blood were used to test extract efficacy at Days 1 and 4 post-extraction. Two statistical analyses, traditional ANOVA and several statistical models that account for endotoxin effects, were used.RESULTSEndotoxin was found to significantly impact immune outcomes only in 4-day old cold water infusions and not in all assays. Extracts showed the greatest stimulation in TNF-α assays. By extract type, 50% ethanol tinctures produced the most immune stimulation. By species, extracts from E. angustifolia extracts were the most efficacious in our assays; extracts from E. sanguinea showed the least activity overall.CONCLUSIONSTaken together, these results suggest that: (1) homemade Echinacea extracts are efficacious in modulating immune cell activity in vitro but that their properties change with time during storage at 4 °C; and (2) endotoxin effects from extracts may be important considerations in the analysis of immunobiological data.