PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND CYTOLOGIC ASPECTS OF NIPPLE ASPIRATE FLUID
PHYSIOLOGICAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND CYTOLOGIC ASPECTS OF NIPPLE ASPIRATE FLUID
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01805919
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发表时间：
1986-01-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
PETRAKIS, NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PETRAKIS, NL
1923 年，杰弗里·凯恩斯 (Geoffry Keynes) 写道，“乳房是一个终生表现出某种分泌活动的腺体，哺乳期和非哺乳期乳房之间的区别部分在于程度，部分在于分泌物的化学成分”(1)。他强调，乳房的生理学不仅需要分泌，而且根据生理需要，需要持续的吸收活动。除哺乳期间外，乳头导管口通常不张开，而是被角蛋白塞紧紧闭塞，分泌物很少能逸出。自20世纪20年代以来，病理学家深入研究了女性乳房健康和疾病的组织病理学。现在，对从正常上皮经过增生、非典型增生、原位癌到癌症的进展的描述已得到充分理解，并在一些出版物中有详细介绍 (2-6)。上皮不典型增生已被确定为乳腺癌中特定的高风险前驱病变。肺泡导管系统中的管腔内细胞和分泌物虽然在乳腺组织的组织学切片中很明显，但很少受到关注。大多数病理学家认为这些细胞和分泌物是
In 1923, Geoffry Keynes wrote,'the breast is a gland which throughout life is exhibiting some secretory activity, the difference between a lactating and a nonlactating breast being one partly of degree and partly of the chemical constitution of the secretion'(1). He emphasized that the physiology of the breast entails not merely a secretory, but by physiologic necessity, a continuous absorptive activity. Except during lactation, the mouths of the nipple ducts are normally not open but tightly occluded by keratin plugs, and secretion can rarely escape.Since the 1920s, pathologists have intensively studied the histopathology of the female breast in health and disease. The description of the progression from normal epithelium through hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, carcinoma in situ to cancer is now well understood and detailed in several publications (2-6). Epithelial atypical hyperplasia has been identified as a specific high-risk precursor lesion in breast cancer. The intraluminal cells and secretions in the alveolar-ductal system, although evident in histologic sections of breast tissue, have received little attention. Most pathologists considered these cells and secretions to be