Demonstrating the Potential of Low-Cost GPS Units for the Remote Measurement of Tides and Water Levels Using Interferometric Reflectometry
Demonstrating the Potential of Low-Cost GPS Units for the Remote Measurement of Tides and Water Levels Using Interferometric Reflectometry
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DOI：
10.1175/jtech-d-20-0063.1
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
S. Williams;P. Bell;D. L. Mccann;R. Cooke;C. Sams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Williams;P. Bell;D. L. Mccann;R. Cooke;C. Sams
一种低成本[$30（美元）]的消费级GPS接收机，其侧装天线已经应用于使用干涉反射法测量中潮汐海岸站点的潮汐水位。概念验证系统安装在平均海平面以上约16米的地方，靠近提供验证数据的传统起泡器潮汐计。在连续两年的几个月里记录了观测卫星接收到的信噪比，并利用观测到的干涉振荡频率来计算接收机与水面之间的高程差。与现场同期和历史潮汐计数据的比较，最初有助于确定原位潮汐计的校准问题。基于gps的测量结果显示与校正后的原位测量结果非常吻合，在春潮超过3米的潮汐范围内，均方根差为5.7厘米，日平均均方根差为1.7厘米。与类似地点的高端大地测量级接收器相比，来自低成本GPS接收器的信噪比数据可提供明显更高质量的数据。这种低成本、广泛可用的技术有潜力在全球范围内广泛应用于各种情况和应用中的水位监测，否则这些情况和应用的成本或情况将是令人望而却步的。它也可以作为传统水位计的独立交叉检查和质量控制措施。
A low-cost [$30 (U.S. dollars)] consumer grade GPS receiver with a sideways-mounted antenna has been applied to measure tidal water levels at a mesotidal coastal site using an interferometric reflectometry approach. The proof-of-concept system was installed approximately 16 m above mean sea level in close proximity to a conventional bubbler tide gauge that provided validation data. The received signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for the satellites in view were recorded for several months during two successive years and the observed frequencies of the interferometric oscillations used to calculate the difference in elevation between the receiver and the water surface. Comparisons with concurrent and historic in situ tide gauge data at the site initially helped to identify a calibration issue with the in situ gauge. The GPS-based measurements were shown to be in excellent agreement with the corrected in situ gauge, exhibiting a root-mean-square difference of 5.7 cm over a tidal range exceeding 3 m at spring tides and a daily averaged RMS of 1.7 cm. The SNR data from the low-cost GPS receivers are shown to provide significantly higher-quality data for this purpose compared with high-end geodetic grade receivers at similar sites. This low-cost, widely available technology has the potential to be applied globally for monitoring water levels in a wide variety of circumstances and applications that would otherwise be cost or situation prohibitive. It could also be applied as an independent cross check and quality control measure for conventional water-level gauges.