CdTe and CdZnTe materials for room-temperature X-ray and gamma ray detectors
CdTe and CdZnTe materials for room-temperature X-ray and gamma ray detectors
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-0248(98)80270-4
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发表时间：
1998-02-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Shor, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisen, Y;Shor, A
在宽带隙半导体材料中，CdTe和CdZnTe作为室温x射线和伽马射线探测器受到了广泛的关注。用于核探测器，特别是光谱仪的碲化镉材料在过去的几十年里已经被开发出来，主要是通过旅行加热器法（THM）生长的。然而，以相对较低的成本制造大型均匀铸锭尚未达到成熟的阶段。Cd1-xZnxTe （CZT）材料，主要通过高压布里奇曼（HPB）技术生长，比CdTe具有几个优点，并且似乎更接近以中等成本提供大体积x射线和伽马射线探测器的实用性。目前仍在继续努力改善CdTe和CZT材料的特性，以实现低伽马射线和高能伽马射线的可重复探测器。本文分为三个部分进行综述：第一部分介绍了不同的探测器结构设计，以提高其光谱特性。这些包括半球形探测器、共面条形电极探测器和单片、二维分段电极阵列，其衬垫尺寸小于其厚度。本部分还将介绍各种电子方法来补偿空穴的电荷收集不良。第二部分比较了含金属触点的平面CdTe和CZT核探测器的特性。特征包括：电子和空穴的电荷收集效率，由移动寿命产品表示，能量分辨率。泄漏电流和稳健性在现场使用。第三部分是这些探测器的现场应用。其中包括：x射线荧光光谱仪、大体积光谱仪和基于室温固态光谱仪的用于医学诊断的新一代核伽马相机。(C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.版权所有
Among the semiconductor materials of a wide band gap, CdTe and CdZnTe have attracted most attention as room-temperature X-ray and gamma-ray detectors. Suitable CdTe materials for nuclear detectors and, in particular, for spectrometers, have been developed over the past few decades and are mainly grown via the traveling heater method (THM). However, the manufacture of large homogeneous ingots at relatively low cost has not reached yet a proven stage. Cd1-xZnxTe (CZT) materials, mainly grown via the high-pressure Bridgman (HPB) technique, possess several advantages over CdTe and appear to better approach the practicality of providing large volume X-ray and gamma-ray detectors at moderate costs. Continuing effort is still underway to improve the characteristics of both CdTe and CZT materials in order to achieve reproducible detectors for either low-and high-energy gamma rays. This review paper is divided into three parts: The first part describes different structural designs of detectors to improve their spectroscopic characteristics. These include hemispherical detectors, coplanar strip-electrode detectors and monolithic, two-dimensional segmented electrode arrays with pad sizes smaller than their thickness. This part will also describe various electronic methods to compensate for the poor charge collection of holes. The second part compares the characteristics of planar CdTe and CZT nuclear detectors containing metal contacts. Characteristics include: charge collection efficiencies for both electrons and holes indicated by the mobility-lifetime product, energy resolutions. leakage currents and robustness in field use. The third part is devoted to field uses of these detectors. Those include: X-ray fluorescent spectrometers, large volume spectrometers and a new generation nuclear gamma camera for medical diagnostics based on room-temperature solid-state spectrometers. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.