Comparative kinematics of terrestrial prey capture in Salamanders and newts (Amphibia:Urodela:Salamandridae)
Comparative kinematics of terrestrial prey capture in Salamanders and newts (Amphibia:Urodela:Salamandridae)
复制标题
蝾螈和蝾螈捕获陆地猎物的比较运动学（两栖类：尾蝾螈：蝾螈科）
DOI：
10.1002/jez.1402560204
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. H. Larsen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. T. Miller;J. H. Larsen
高速电影技术被用来比较蜥蜴科的变形后个体捕获陆地猎物的运动学，这些个体有a)陆地（Salamandra， Salamandrina和Tylototriton）， b)两栖（Pleurodeles， Cynops和paresotriton）和c)水生（Pachytriton）生活方式。舌突在蝾螈、蝾螈和巨蜥捕食过程中很常见，在独眼螈和拟巨蜥捕食过程中经常出现，但在厚巨蜥捕食过程中不存在。张口周期由四个不同的阶段组成，这些阶段与舌舌器的离散运动有关。在所有伸出舌头的蝾螈中，1)当舌头从口腔底部抬起准备伸直时，开口迅速增大；2)当舌头伸直时，开口稳定；3)伸直时，开口增大到最大；4)当舌头将猎物运送到口腔时，开口迅速减小。在某些（独眼龙，副巨齿龙）或所有捕获猎物（巨齿龙）的尝试中缺乏舌头突出，导致裂口轮廓与上述明显不同。最值得注意的是，这些轮廓缺乏舌突特征的间隙稳定成分。舌向下颌骨外伸出的最大距离在大多数蝾螈中接近6%的口鼻长度（SVL），但在蝾螈中达到20%。Salamandrina进食系统的几个要素在功能上与它特殊的舌头投射装置的进化有关。这些症状包括一个持续时间相对较长的张口周期（200毫秒），在电击过程中没有头-身波动和眼睛收缩。
High-speed cinematography was used to compare the kinematics of terrestrial prey capture among postmetamorphic individuals of the family Salamandridae that have a) terrestrial (Salamandra, Salamandrina, and Tylototriton), b) amphibious (Pleurodeles, Cynops, and Paramesotriton), and c) aquatic (Pachytriton) lifestyles. Tongue projection was common during prey capture attempts in Salamandra, Salamandrina, and Tylototriton, occurred frequently in Cynops and Paramesotriton, but was absent during terrestrial feeding by Pachytriton. The gape cycle consisted of four distinct phases that were associated with discrete movements of the hyolingual apparatus. In all salamandrids that projected the tongue, the gape 1) increased rapidly while the tongue was elevated from the floor of the mouth in preparation for protraction, 2) was stabilized while the tongue was protracted, 3) increased to maximum during retraction and 4) decreased rapidly while the tongue transported the prey into the oral cavity. The absence of tongue projection during some (Cynops, Paramesotriton), or all prey capture attempts (Pachytriton) resulted in gape profiles distinctly different from those described above. Most notably, these profiles lacked the gape stabilization component characteristic of tongue projection. The maximum distance that the tongue was projected beyond the mandible approached 6% snout-vent length (SVL) in most salamandrids, but reached 20% SVL in Salamandrina. Several elements of the feeding system in Salamandrina are functionally related to the evolution of its specialized tongue projection apparatus. These include a gape cycle of relatively long duration (200 ms) and the absence of a head-body surge and of eye retraction during the strike.