Coral bleaching and mortality on artificial and natural reefs in Maldives in 1998, sea surface temperature anomalies and initial recovery
Coral bleaching and mortality on artificial and natural reefs in Maldives in 1998, sea surface temperature anomalies and initial recovery
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DOI：
10.1016/s0025-326x(00)00200-9
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Rubens, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, AJ;Clark, S;Rubens, J
1998年马尔代夫中央环礁人工和天然礁上的分支珊瑚和块状珊瑚的漂白和随后的死亡率与海表温度（SST）异常有关，SST通常在马尔代夫的4 - 5月达到峰值。英国气象局的全球海冰和SST数据集版本2.3b显示，1998年月平均SST为1.2-4 S.D.。在最温暖的月份（3月至6月），气温高于1950-1999年的平均值，最大的异常是在5月，为+2.1摄氏度。白化现象于4月中旬首次出现，4月下旬至5月中旬严重，到镁后期明显有所恢复。至少98%的分支珊瑚1990年，在一个礁坪上部署的人工结构上的大珊瑚（顶孔珊瑚科，Pocilloporidae）死亡，而大多数大型珊瑚（Poritidae，Faviidae，Agariciidae）幸存下来漂白，在1994年，人工鱼礁上漂白前的珊瑚群落中，95%为分枝珊瑚，5%为单枝珊瑚（n = 1589）;漂白后的珊瑚群落覆盖了3%的分支珊瑚和97%的珊瑚礁（n = 248），在中央环礁调查的所有天然珊瑚礁中，活珊瑚的平均覆盖率由约42%下降至2%，较漂白前的水平减少20倍。在漂白事件发生后10个月，一项关于人工结构中幼珊瑚补充情况的调查显示，1990-1994年，202个家系中，直径大于或等于0.5 cm的个体为顶孔类和小孔类，33%来自大家庭，而1990-1994年分别为94%和6%（n = 3136），在附近的天然礁上观察到类似的漂白后分支珊瑚的补充优势（78%为顶孔类和小孔类）; 4月平均海温与年的线性回归极显著（p < 0.001），并建议每十年上升0.16摄氏度，如果这种趋势继续下去，到2030年，中央环礁的平均四月SST通常超过珊瑚出现的异常水平，那里容易受到大规模漂白，（C）2001爱思唯尔科学有限公司。
The bleaching and subsequent mortality of branching and massive corals on artificial and natural reefs in the central atolls of Maldives in 1998 are examined with respect to sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies, SST normally peaks in April-May in Maldives. The UK Meteorological Office's Global sea-Ice and SST data set version 2.3b shows that in 1998 monthly mean SST was 1.2-4 S.D. above the 1950-1999 average during the warmest months (March-June), with the greatest anomaly in May of +2.1 degreesC. Bleaching was first reported in mid-April and was severe from late April to mid-May with some recovery evident by late-Mag. At least 98% of branching corals (Acroporidae, Pocilloporidae) on artificial structures deployed on a reef flat in 1990 died whereas the majority of massive corals (Poritidae, Faviidae, Agariciidae) survived the bleaching, The pre-bleaching coral community on the artificial reefs in 1994 was 95% branching corals and 5% massives (n = 1589); the post-bleaching community mas 3% branching corals and 97% massives (n = 248), Significant reductions in live coral cover were seen at all natural reefs surveyed in the central atolls, with average Live coral cover decreasing from about 42% to 2%, a 20-fold reduction from pre-bleaching levels. A survey of recruitment of juvenile corals to the artificial structures 10 months after the bleaching event showed that 67% of recruits (greater than or equal to0.5 cm diameter) were acroporids and pocilloporids and 33% were from massive families (n = 202) compared to 94% and 6%, respectively, in 1990-1994 (n = 3136), Similar post-bleaching dominance of recruitment by branching corals was seen on nearby natural reef (78% acroporids and pocilloporids; 22% massives), A Linear regression of April mean monthly SST against year was highly significant (p < 0.001) and suggests a rise of 0.16C per decade, If this trend continues, by 2030 mean April SST in the central atolls mill normally exceed the anomaly level at which corals appear there are susceptible to mass bleaching, (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.