Managing Design Designing Management
Managing Design Designing Management
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管理设计 设计管理
DOI：
10.1111/j.1948-7169.1989.tb00519.x
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Henry Mintzberg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Angela Dumas;Henry Mintzberg
管理已经被证明是一个很大程度上植根于直觉和综合的过程，其结果是管理工作被描述为“计算的混乱”和“控制的混乱”。同样地，设计是一个创造性的过程，在寻求使其他事物井然有序的同时，也倾向于为自己拒绝秩序。例如，那些热情地为客户推动规划的建筑师，往往也是那些为自己拒绝规划的人。这意味着设计不能像其他活动一样被管理，正如管理不能像其他事物一样被设计一样。本文考虑了管理设计过程的五种方法。四种是常规的，意味着不同程度的命令、控制和指导。设计可能是由冠军推动的，也可能以各种方式制度化：它可能作为一项政策，作为一个项目启动，或作为一个功能安装，落后或领先。我们认为，所有这些都限制了组织中设计的发展，尽管它们可能是管理设计的第五种方法的垫脚石，我们称之为灌输。这种方法不太具体，也更难以实现，但我们认为，最终会更有效。事实上，它是如此有效，以至于我们在结论中认为，它构成了另一种理解管理设计本身的方式。
Management has been shown to be a process rooted largely in intuition and synthesis, with the consequence that managerial work has been described as" calculated chaos" and" controlled disorder." 1 Likewise, design is a creative process that, while seeking to order other things, tends to reject order for itself. Architects, for example, who promote planning so enthusiastically for their clients are often the very same ones who reject it out of hand for themselves. 2 This means that design cannot be managed like other activities any more than management can be designed like other things.This article considers five ways to manage the design process. Four are conventional and imply varying degrees of order, control, and guidance. Design may be promoted by a champion, or it may be institutionalized in various ways: it may be stated as a policy, initiated as a program, or installed as & function, lagging or leading. All, we shall argue, limit the development of design in an organization, although they may be stepping-stones to the fifth approach to managing design, which we call infusion. This approach is less tangible and more difficult to realize, but ultimately, we believe, more effective. So effective, in fact, that we shall argue in conclusion that it constitutes another way to conceive the design of management itself.