Use of antibiotics and Roxarsone in broiler chickens in the USA: Analysis for the years 1995 to 2000
Use of antibiotics and Roxarsone in broiler chickens in the USA: Analysis for the years 1995 to 2000
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DOI：
10.1093/ps/81.3.356
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Johnson, ZB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chapman, HD;Johnson, ZB
1995年，94.3%、98.2%和75.1%的肉鸡生产单位将抗生素（ANT）用于肉鸡的起始饲料、生长饲料和断奶饲料（WD），但到2000年，ANT的使用率分别下降到64.8%、66.9%和48.1%。Roxarsone（ROX）被69.8%和73.9%的生产单位用于启动和生长饲料。杆菌肽（BAC）的使用频率比其他抗生素在启动和生长饲料。在WD饲料中最常使用的是阿维菌素（VIR）。大多数单位（69.4%）报告使用了两种不同的抗生素。在研究期间，使用包括两个ANT的程序减少，而使用单个ANT的程序增加。离子载体（ION）+ ROX + ANT的组合最常用于启动器和生长饲料，而单独的ANT最常用于WD口粮。ION + ROX + ANT的使用从1995年到2000年有所下降，但ION + ROX的使用有所增加。无论植物使用ION + ROX + ANT、ION + ROX还是ION + ANT，在卡路里转化方面都没有显著差异。对于使用ION + ROX的生产单元，将家禽饲养至2.27 kg的天数显著更大。对于使用ION + ROX + ANT和ION + ROX的单元，死亡率低于使用ION + ANT的单元。使用ION + ANT的生产单位更有可能饲养体重大于2.5 kg的家禽，而不是2.0至2.5 kg。南部和中部各州的部队比东北部和大西洋各州的部队更有可能使用ION + ROX，而ION + ROX + ANT的情况则相反。ION + ROX + ANT的用药成本从1995年到1998年有所下降。
In 1995, an antibiotic (ANT) was used in starter, grower, and withdrawal (WD) feeds by 94.3, 98.2, and 75.1% of broiler production units, but by 2000, ANT use had declined to 64.8, 66.9, and 48.1% respectively. Roxarsone (ROX) was used in the starter and grower feeds by 69.8 and 73.9% of production units. Bacitracin (BAC) was used more frequently than other antibiotics in the starter and grower feed. Virginiamycin (VIR) was used most frequently in the WD feed. Most units (69.4%) reported use of two different antibiotics. The use of programs comprising two ANT decreased, whereas programs with a single ANT increased during the period of study. A combination of ionophore (ION) + ROX + ANT was employed most frequently in the starter and grower feeds, whereas an ANT alone was used most frequently in the WD ration. The use of ION + ROX + ANT declined from 1995 to 2000, but use of ION + ROX increased. There were no significant differences in calorie conversion whether plants used ION + ROX + ANT, ION + ROX, or ION + ANT. The number of days to rear birds to 2.27 kg was significantly greater for production units using ION + ROX Mortality was lower for units that used ION + ROX + ANT and ION + ROX than for those that used ION + ANT. Production units that used ION + ANT were more likely to rear birds to a weight greater than 2.5 kg than to 2.0 to 2.5 kg. Units in the South and Central states were more likely to use an ION + ROX than those in the Northeast and Atlantic states, whereas for ION + ROX + ANT the reverse was the case. The cost of medicating with ION + ROX + ANT decreased from 1995 to 1998.