Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part I: experimental investigation
Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part I: experimental investigation
复制标题
滑坡坝溃决和洪水水力学。
DOI：
10.1007/s11069-011-9814-8
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pender, Gareth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cao, Zhixian;Yue, Zhiyuan;Pender, Gareth
山体滑坡坝溃决可能引发下游灾难性洪水。然而，对这种洪水的现场观察很少，而实验室实验研究也很少。迄今为止，人们对山体滑坡坝溃决和洪水的机制仍知之甚少。在这里，我们对滑坡坝溃决和洪水进行了实验研究。总共 28 轮实验在 80 m × 1.2 m × 0.8 m 的水槽中进行，具有不同的流入流量、坝组成、坝几何形状和初始缺口尺寸。部署了十二个自动水位探头阵列来测量沿水槽的阶段过程线，大坝溃决过程的视频记录有助于估计初始溃口的扩大范围。在目前均质材料坝的试验条件下，滑坡坝的溃坝主要是由于漫溢水流的冲刷造成的，在溃口扩大过程中，侧向质量崩塌也相当可观。粘性粘土可以起到减轻大坝渗漏的作用，从而减轻大坝的沉降，并明显调节大坝溃坝过程和洪水。然而，粘土的影响可能很容易被大量的流入流量和初始溃口所淹没。大坝中的砾石可能会明显降低大坝溃坝过程的速度，从而改变洪水。目前的工作为测试滑坡坝溃决引起的洪水流量数学模型提供了新的实验数据集。
Landslide dam failure can trigger catastrophic flooding in the downstream. However, field observation of such flooding is rarely available, while laboratory experimental studies are sparse. The mechanism of landslide dam failure and the flood has so far remained insufficiently understood. Here, we present an experimental investigation of landslide dam failure and the flood. A total of 28 runs of experiments are carried out in a flume of 80 m × 1.2 m × 0.8 m, with differing inflow discharge, dam composition, dam geometry, and initial breach dimension. An array of twelve automatic water-level probes is deployed to measure the stage hydrographs along the flume, and the video recording of the dam failure processes facilitates an estimation of the widening of initial breach. Under the present experimental conditions with dams composed of homogeneous materials, landslide dam failure is primarily caused by erosion of overtopping flow, and lateral mass collapse is also considerable during the cause of breach widening. Cohesive clay may act to mitigate the seepage through the dam and thus its subsidence and appreciably modulate the dam failure process and the flood. However, the impacts of clay may be readily overwhelmed by a large inflow discharge and initial breach. Gravels in the dam may appreciably depress the rate of the dam failure process and thus modify the flood. The present work provides new experimental data set for testing mathematical models of the flood flow due to landslide dam failure.