First Human Cases of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni Infection and a Search for the Vector Sand Flies in Ecuador.
First Human Cases of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni Infection and a Search for the Vector Sand Flies in Ecuador.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pntd.0004728
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发表时间：
2016-05
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hashiguchi Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kato H;Bone AE;Mimori T;Hashiguchi K;Shiguango GF;Gonzales SV;Velez LN;Guevara AG;Gomez EA;Hashiguchi Y
在厄瓜多尔的亚马逊地区进行了一项利什曼病流行病学研究，因为关于造成传播的流行利什曼病和白蛉物种的信息很少。在33例皮肤利什曼病患者的临床标本中，根据细胞色素B基因分析，在25例标本中鉴定出致病寄生虫。Guyanensis和L.（五）巴西线虫是已查明的病原体之一。此外，L.（五）在来自厄瓜多尔亚马逊地区不同地理区域的CL患者中发现了莱森氏菌，证实了莱森氏菌在巴西、玻利维亚、秘鲁、苏里南和法属圭亚那均有感染的报道。（五）莱氏菌广泛分布于南美洲。白蛉调查了一名L.（五）lainsoni被怀疑感染。然而，白蛉自然感染L。（五）未检测到lainsoni。需要进一步广泛的矢量搜索来定义L的传输周期。（五）厄瓜多尔的lainsoni。在厄瓜多尔，利什曼病是太平洋沿岸亚热带、亚马逊河流域和安第斯高原地区的地方病。七种利什曼原虫，墨西哥利什曼原虫、L.（L.）amazonensis，亚马逊湖（L.（L.）major-like、圭亚那利什曼原虫（Leishmania（Viannia）guyanensis）、L.（五）panamensis，L.（五）braziliensis和L.（五）Naiffi与人皮肤利什曼病（CL）和皮肤粘膜利什曼病（MCL）有关。致病寄生虫已被广泛研究，在太平洋沿岸和安第斯地区，然而，信息，如流行的利什曼原虫物种和他们的媒介沙蝇物种是非常稀少的亚马逊地区。从患者的皮肤溃疡和用于CL的常规诊断的Giemsa染色涂片和Flinders Technology Associates（FTA）卡点样本被用作DNA来源，并在细胞色素B基因分析的基础上鉴定致病寄生虫。在25个样品中成功地鉴定出致病寄生虫，除了以前报道的种类外，L。（五）guyanensis和L.（五）braziliensis、巴西湖蝇L.（五）莱森尼是从两名居住在相距200多公里的不同地区的患者身上发现的。白蛉在其中一种白蛉的地区进行了检查。（五）一名病人怀疑受感染。尽管解剖并检查了1,104只雌性白蛉的物种鉴定和肠道中鞭毛虫的自然感染检测，但人类感染性利什曼原虫物种包括利什曼原虫。（五）未检测到Lainsoni。进一步广泛的调查白蛉动物是必要的，以定罪的载体，这种寄生虫在厄瓜多尔。
An epidemiological study of leishmaniasis was performed in Amazonian areas of Ecuador since little information on the prevalent Leishmania and sand fly species responsible for the transmission is available. Of 33 clinical specimens from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), causative parasites were identified in 25 samples based on cytochrome b gene analysis. As reported previously, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis were among the causative agents identified. In addition, L. (V.) lainsoni, for which infection is reported in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Suriname, and French Guiana, was identified in patients with CL from geographically separate areas in the Ecuadorian Amazon, corroborating the notion that L. (V.) lainsoni is widely distributed in South America. Sand flies were surveyed around the area where a patient with L. (V.) lainsoni was suspected to have been infected. However, natural infection of sand flies by L. (V.) lainsoni was not detected. Further extensive vector searches are necessary to define the transmission cycle of L. (V.) lainsoni in Ecuador. In Ecuador, leishmaniasis is endemic in Pacific coast subtropical, Amazonian, and Andean highland areas. Seven Leishmania species, Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana, L. (L.) amazonensis, L. (L.) major-like, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) braziliensis, and L. (V.) naiffi, are reported to be associated with human cutaneous (CL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniases (MCL). Causative parasites have been studied extensively in Pacific coast and Andean areas; however, information such as prevalent Leishmania species and their vector sand fly species is very sparse in Amazonian areas. Giemsa-stained smears taken from patients’ skin ulcers and used for routine diagnosis of CL and Flinders Technology Associates (FTA) card-spotted samples were utilized as DNA sources, and causative parasites were identified on the basis of cytochrome b gene analysis. Causative parasites in 25 samples were successfully identified, and, in addition to previously reported species, L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis, L. (V.) lainsoni was identified from two patients living in different areas situated more than 200 km apart. Sand flies were examined in areas where one of the L. (V.) lainsoni infected patient was suspected to have been infected. Although 1,104 female sand flies were dissected and examined for species identification and detection of natural infection with flagellates in the gut, human-infective Leishmania species including L. (V.) lainsoni were not detected. Further extensive investigation of sand fly fauna is necessary to incriminate the vector of this parasite in Ecuador.