Associational effects and the maintenance of polymorphism in plant defense against herbivores: review and evidence
Associational effects and the maintenance of polymorphism in plant defense against herbivores: review and evidence
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植物防御食草动物的关联效应和多态性的维持：回顾和证据
DOI：
10.1111/1442-1984.12201
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Sato Yasuhiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sato Yasuhiro
许多植物物种进化出了抵抗食草动物的防御特性。关联效应（AE）是指一种明显的相互作用，即对一个焦点植物物种的植食风险取决于邻近其他植物物种的组成。尽管有足够的证据表明不同植物物种之间的AE，这种观点很少被应用到植物物种内的防御性状的多态性。这篇综述的目的是强调一个被忽视的作用，同种AE在维持多态性抗草食动物防御。首先，我提出了一个一般性的审查植物种间声发射及其在植物种间共存的作用。AE的这种观点可以应用于植物物种内的遗传多态性，因为它导致多种植物类型之间的频率和密度依赖性植食性。其次，我介绍了一个案例研究的同种AE在毛状体生产（毛状）和无毛植物的拟南芥gemmifera。实验室和半田间实验表明，AE对芸苔叶甲Phaedon brassicaemediate少数优势的防御和适合性之间的毛状体和无毛植物。结合统计建模方法，田间观察表明，同种AE可以维持植物种群中的毛状体二型性-负频率依赖性选择。最后，我讨论的空间和时间尺度，AE有助于塑造在植物集合种群的抗草食动物防御的遗传变异。基于综述和证据，我认为AE在维持植物物种内的遗传变异中起着关键作用。
Many plant species have evolved defense traits against herbivores. Associational effects (AEs) refer to a kind of apparent interaction where the herbivory risk to a focal plant species depends on the composition of other plant species in a neighborhood. Despite ample evidence for AEs between different plant species, this point of view has rarely been applied to polymorphism in defense traits within a plant species. The purpose of this review is to highlight an overlooked role of conspecific AEs in maintaining polymorphism in antiherbivore defense. First, I present a general review of AE between plant species and its role in the coexistence of plant species. This viewpoint of AE can be applied to genetic polymorphism within a plant species, as it causes frequency‐ and density‐dependent herbivory between multiple plant types. Second, I introduce a case study of conspecific AEs in the trichome‐producing (hairy) and glabrous plants ofArabidopsis hallerisubsp.gemmifera.Laboratory and semi‐field experiments illustrated that AEs against the brassica leaf beetlePhaedon brassicaemediate a minority advantage in defense and fitness between hairy and glabrous plants. Combined with a statistical modeling approach, field observation revealed that conspecific AEs can maintain the trichome dimorphismvianegative frequency‐dependent selection in a plant population. Finally, I discuss spatial and temporal scales at which AEs contribute to shaping genetic variation in antiherbivore defense in a plant metapopulation. Based on the review and evidence, I suggest that AEs play a key role in the maintenance of genetic variation within a plant species.