Roles of the Y chromosome genes in human cancers.
Roles of the Y chromosome genes in human cancers.
复制标题
Y染色体基因在人类癌症中的作用。
DOI：
10.4103/1008-682x.150842
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发表时间：
2015-05
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Lau YF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kido T;Lau YF
男性和女性在基因上的不同在于它们各自的性染色体组成，即XY为男性，XX为女性。虽然X染色体和Y染色体都是从同一祖先常染色体进化而来，但Y染色体含有男性特异性基因，这些基因在男性性别决定、生殖细胞分化和各种组织的男性化中起着关键作用。Y染色体上的性别决定基因SRY的缺失或易位导致性腺发育异常的性发育障碍（以前称为双性疾病）。性腺发育障碍不仅会导致不孕，还会增加生殖细胞肿瘤（GCT）的风险，如性腺母细胞瘤和各种类型的睾丸GCT。最近的研究表明，Y染色体缺失或Y染色体基因异位表达与多种男性偏倚性疾病密切相关，包括选择性躯体癌。这些观察结果表明，y连锁基因与男性健康和疾病的关系比预期的更为频繁。虽然在Y染色体的男性特异性区域只存在少量的蛋白质编码基因，但由于缺乏体内模型和人类与啮齿动物Y染色体的差异，Y染色体基因对人类疾病的影响在很大程度上仍然未知。在这篇综述中，我们强调了选定的Y染色体基因在男性癌症发展中的参与。
Male and female differ genetically by their respective sex chromosome composition, that is, XY as male and XX as female. Although both X and Y chromosomes evolved from the same ancestor pair of autosomes, the Y chromosome harbors male-specific genes, which play pivotal roles in male sex determination, germ cell differentiation, and masculinization of various tissues. Deletions or translocation of the sex-determining gene, SRY, from the Y chromosome causes disorders of sex development (previously termed as an intersex condition) with dysgenic gonads. Failure of gonadal development results not only in infertility, but also in increased risks of germ cell tumor (GCT), such as gonadoblastoma and various types of testicular GCT. Recent studies demonstrate that either loss of Y chromosome or ectopic expression of Y chromosome genes is closely associated with various male-biased diseases, including selected somatic cancers. These observations suggest that the Y-linked genes are involved in male health and diseases in more frequently than expected. Although only a small number of protein-coding genes are present in the male-specific region of Y chromosome, the impacts of Y chromosome genes on human diseases are still largely unknown, due to lack of in vivo models and differences between the Y chromosomes of human and rodents. In this review, we highlight the involvement of selected Y chromosome genes in cancer development in men.