Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer
Sampling Constraints and Variability in the Analysis of Bacterial Community Structures in the Sea Surface Microlayer
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DOI：
10.3389/fmars.2021.696389
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发表时间：
2021-06
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shu-Kuan Wong;Shotaro Suzuki;Yingshun Cui;R. Kaneko;K. Kogure;K. Hamasaki
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作者：
Shu-Kuan Wong;Shotaro Suzuki;Yingshun Cui;R. Kaneko;K. Kogure;K. Hamasaki
海洋表面微层（SML）是位于海洋与大气界面的一层薄的表面膜。本研究采用聚碳酸酯膜（PC）、玻璃板（GP）和鼓式采样器（DS）三种SML采样器采集微生物DNA样品进行分子分析。在三种采样器中，DS只需要一半的时间来采样SML相比，GP，而PC能够采样最薄的SML深度。生物物质和不同的细菌群落在SML是明显的低风条件下，由三个采样器收集的样品。生物物质的迹象[透明的外聚合物颗粒（TEP）和叶绿素a浓度]耗尽，并增加相似性的生物群落的SML和底层水（UW），在高风速条件下收集的样品GP和DS更明显。与UW相比，GP样品的生物物质富集度低于DS样品。GP样品中生物物质的消耗在SML中高叶绿素a浓度期间更为明显。相比之下，PC能够始终如一地对与UW不同的SML社区进行采样，无论风力条件如何。由三个SML采样器获得的细菌群落DNA样品显示出相对一致的群落结构模式，尽管观察到季节（夏季与冬季）和层（SML与UW）之间存在较大的波动。虽然没有SML特定的分类在这项研究中被检测到，在每个样品中的分类群的代表性的比较表明，某些分类群（15目）是专门富集或耗尽的SML，特别是属于放线菌，蓝藻，Deferribacteria，变形菌。这种趋势是一致的，无论采样方法，这意味着这些细菌群体是关键类群的地球化学过程中发生在空气-海洋界面。
The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a thin surface film located at the interface between oceans and the atmosphere. In this study, three SML samplers—polycarbonate membrane (PC), glass plate (GP), and drum sampler (DS)—were used to collect microbiological DNA samples for molecular analysis. Among the three samplers, DS only took half the time to sample the SML compared to GP while PC were able to sample the thinnest SML depth. Biological matter and distinct bacterial communities in the SML were apparent during low wind conditions in samples collected by three samplers. Signs of biological matter [transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and chlorophyll-a concentrations] depletion, and an increased similarity in the biological communities of the SML and underlying water (UW), were more pronounced during high wind speed conditions in samples collected by GP and DS. GP samples had lower biological matter enrichment than DS samples compared with UW. The depletion of biological matter in GP samples were more apparent during periods of high chl-a concentrations in the SML. In contrast, PC was able to consistently sample an SML community distinct from that of the UW, regardless of wind conditions. Bacterial community DNA samples obtained by the three SML samplers showed relatively consistent patterns of community structure, despite large fluctuations between seasons (summer vs. winter) and layers (SML vs. UW) being observed. Although no SML-specific taxon was detected in this study, a comparison of the representation of taxonomic groups in each sample suggested that certain taxa (15 orders) were specifically enriched or depleted in the SML, especially taxa belonging to Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Deferribacteria, and Proteobacteria. This trend was consistent regardless of sampling method, implying that these bacterial groups are key taxa in the biogeochemical processes occurring at the air-sea interface.