Polymers for gas separations: the next decade
Polymers for gas separations: the next decade
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0376-7388(94)00141-3
复制
发表时间：
1994-09
影响因子：
9.5
通讯作者：
S. A. Stern
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. A. Stern
通过选择性渗透通过聚合物膜的气体分离是分离技术中发展最快的分支之一。因此，人们对合成具有比目前可用的聚合物更高的气体渗透性和选择性的新聚合物存在强烈的兴趣。为了提高气体分离的现有膜方法的经济性和开发新方法，需要这种不对称或“复合”膜形式的新聚合物。多年来，关于各种聚合物对不同气体的渗透性和选择性，已有大量的资料。然而，由于这些聚合物中的大多数在结构上是不相关的，因此用于气体分离的新聚合物的合成主要基于试错和先前的经验。只是在最近几年，聚合物的结构/渗透性/选择性关系才成为系统研究的对象。本审查审查的进展，这些关系的理解，重点是选定的橡胶和玻璃态聚合物。一些最重要的理论模型的气体在聚合物中的传输也进行了审查。计算机模拟技术预测聚合物结构，提高渗透气体的流动性和选择性的潜在用途进行了讨论。最后，对未来十年膜分离技术的可能进展作了展望。
Gas separation by selective permeation through polymer membranes is one of the fastest growing branches of separation technology. Strong interest exists, therefore, in the synthesis of new polymers that exhibit both higher gas permeabilities and selectivities than presently available polymers. Such new polymers, in the form of asymmetric or “composite” membranes, are required in order to improve the economics of extant membrane processes for gas separations and to develop new processes. A considerable amount of information has been available for many years on the permeabilities and selectivities of a large variety of polymers to different gases. However, since most of these polymers were structurally unrelated, syntheses of new polymers for gas separations was based largely on trial and error and previous experience. It is only in recent years that the structure/permeability/selectivity relationships of polymers have become the object of systematic studies. The present review examines the progress made in the understanding of these relationships, with emphasis on selected rubbery and glassy polymers. Some of the most important theoretical models of gas transport in polymers are also reviewed. The potential usefulness of computer simulation techniques for predicting polymer structures that enhance penetrant gas mobility and selectivity is discussed. Finally, conjectures are offered as to possible advances in membrane separations of gaseoous mixtures in the coming decade.