Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality
Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution: Recent Progress and Challenges in Assessing Water Quality
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DOI：
10.1007/s40572-020-00278-1
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发表时间：
2020-06-15
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Stewart, Jill R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holcomb, David A.;Stewart, Jill R.
审查目的粪便污染的水是一个主要的公共卫生问题。本文综述了粪便污染水质指标的研究进展。最近的调查结果这一审查强调了一些趋势。首先，粪便指标仍然是评估水质的一个有价值的工具，并已扩大到包括能够检测水中粪便污染源的指标。第二，分子方法，特别是基于PCR的方法，在其选定的目标和严格性方面取得了相当大的进展，但增加了复杂性，可能会阻碍目前常规监测活动的采用。第三，风险建模开始更好地将指标和人类健康风险联系起来，目前评估的准确性与衡量风险的时间和条件挂钩。研究取得了进展，但仍然存在挑战，有效利用传统和替代粪便指标的风险特征，来源归属和分配，以及影响评估。
Purpose of Review Fecal contamination of water is a major public health concern. This review summarizes recent developments and advancements in water quality indicators of fecal contamination. Recent Findings This review highlights a number of trends. First, fecal indicators continue to be a valuable tool to assess water quality and have expanded to include indicators able to detect sources of fecal contamination in water. Second, molecular methods, particularly PCR-based methods, have advanced considerably in their selected targets and rigor, but have added complexity that may prohibit adoption for routine monitoring activities at this time. Third, risk modeling is beginning to better connect indicators and human health risks, with the accuracy of assessments currently tied to the timing and conditions where risk is measured. Research has advanced although challenges remain for the effective use of both traditional and alternative fecal indicators for risk characterization, source attribution and apportionment, and impact evaluation.