The giant Shakhdara migmatitic gneiss dome, Pamir, India‐Asia collision zone: 2. Timing of dome formation

The giant Shakhdara migmatitic gneiss dome, Pamir, India‐Asia collision zone: 2. Timing of dome formation
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印度帕米尔高原巨大的Shakhdara混合岩片麻岩穹顶——亚洲碰撞带:2穹顶形成的时间

DOI:
10.1002/tect.20059
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发表时间:
2015
期刊:
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
M.A. Stearns
M.A. Stearns
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Stübner;L. Ratschbacher;C. Weise;J. Chow;J. Hofmann;J. Khan;D. Rutte;B. Sperner;J.A. PfänderB.R. Hacker;I. Dunkl;M. Tichomirowa;M.A. Stearns

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新生代片麻岩中-下地壳岩石覆盖了帕米尔、印度西部-亚洲碰撞带约30%的地表暴露;它们提供了对亚洲板块深部地壳的无与伦比的视角。本文利用钛铁矿、独居石、锆石U/Th‐Pb、云母Rb‐Sr和40 Ar/39 Ar、锆石和磷灰石裂变径迹以及锆石(U‐Th)/He年龄,对帕米尔西南部约350 × 90 km的Shakhdara‐Alichur穹隆的折返历史进行了研究。隆起开始于21-20 Ma,沿着北方Shakhdara圆顶的Gunt顶部到N的正剪切带。大部分的折返发生在地壳规模的南帕米尔正剪切带的下盘沿南沙赫达拉穹隆边界沿着向NNW方向挤压。下盘挤出在~18-15 Ma至~2 Ma期间活跃,滑动速率约为10 mm/年,垂直折返速率为1-3 mm/年;它导致了高达90 km ~ N-S的伸展,与印度和亚洲之间的~ N-S会聚同步。侵蚀速率为0.3-0.5毫米/年内的圆顶和0.1-0.3毫米/年的地垒分离的Shakhdara和Alichur圆顶和在帕米尔高原东南部;率最高沿着圆顶轴在南部的Shakhdara圆顶。沿主要引流道的切口沿着高达1.0 mm/年。热模拟表明,沿着南帕米尔剪切带的痕迹,地热梯度高达60°C/km沿着,并且在整个穹隆上有强烈的南北变化;自穹隆结束以来,梯度放宽到≤40-45°C/km。
Cenozoic gneiss domes—exposing middle‐lower crustal rocks—cover ~30% of the surface exposure of the Pamir, western India‐Asia collision zone; they allow an unparalleled view into the deep crust of the Asian plate. We use titanite, monazite, and zircon U/Th‐Pb, mica Rb‐Sr and40Ar/39Ar, zircon and apatite fission track, and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages to constrain the exhumation history of the ~350 × 90 km Shakhdara‐Alichur dome, southwestern Pamir. Doming started at 21–20 Ma along the Gunt top‐to‐N normal‐shear zone of the northern Shakhdara dome. The bulk of the exhumation occurred by ~NNW‐ward extrusion of the footwall of the crustal‐scale South Pamir normal‐shear zone along the southern Shakhdara dome boundary. Footwall extrusion was active from ~18–15 Ma to ~2 Ma at ~10 mm/yr slip and with vertical exhumation rates of 1–3 mm/yr; it resulted in up to 90 km ~N‐S extension, coeval with ~N‐S convergence between India and Asia. Erosion rates were 0.3–0.5 mm/yr within the domes and 0.1–0.3 mm/yr in the horst separating the Shakhdara and Alichur domes and in the southeastern Pamir plateau; rates were highest along the dome axis in the southern part of the Shakhdara dome. Incision along the major drainages was up to 1.0 mm/yr. Thermal modeling suggests geothermal gradients as high as 60°C/km along the trace of the South Pamir shear zone and their strong N‐S variation across the dome; the gradients relaxed to ≤40–45°C/km since the end of doming.
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