Optimising Cropping Techniques for Nutrient and Environmental Management in Organic Agriculture
Optimising Cropping Techniques for Nutrient and Environmental Management in Organic Agriculture
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DOI：
10.5539/sar.v4n3p15
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发表时间：
2015-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
U. Köpke;Miriam Athmann;E. Han;T. Kautz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
U. Köpke;Miriam Athmann;E. Han;T. Kautz
在水和养分利用率较低的条件下，根系的深度和结构对作物生产力起着重要作用。底土含有大量养分，可能有助于作物吸收养分，其中包括磷等有限资源，必须适量使用以延缓其耗尽。生物孔是由植物根系和蚯蚓形成的管状连续土壤孔隙。主根系统，特别是多年生豆科植物的主根系统，可以使土壤养分植物从固相中获得，并增加底土中垂直生物孔的密度，从而使底土层更容易为后续作物提供。由于土壤休息和所提供的饲料量而导致无性蚯蚓的丰度和活性增加，从而进一步提高了较大尺寸生物孔的密度。营养丰富的土壤圈可以为后续作物的根系和养分吸收提供有利的环境。有机农业中未来有效的养分管理和作物轮作设计应该特别需要这些土壤肥力建设和生物孔服务策略。建议将这些概念的要素也用于主流农业岬角，例如作为“生态重点区域”，以改善土壤结构并建立生物多样性网络，同时避免农业生产受到限制。
Depth and architecture of root systems play a prominent role in crop productivity under conditions of low water and nutrient availability. The subsoil contains high amounts of nutrients that may potentially serve for nutrient uptake by crops including finite resources such as phosphorus that have to be used in moderation to delay their exhaustion. Biopores are tubular shaped continuous soil pores formed by plant roots and earthworms. Taproot systems especially those of perennial legumes can make soil nutrients plant available from the solid phase and increase the density of vertical biopores in the subsoil thus making subsoil layers more accessible for succeeding crops. Density of larger sized biopores is further enhanced by increased abundance and activity of anecic earthworms resulting from soil rest and amount of provided feed. Nutrient rich drilospheres can provide a favorable environment for roots and nutrient uptake of subsequent crops. Future efficient nutrient management and crop rotation design in organic agriculture should entail these strategies of soil fertility building and biopore services in subsoil layers site specifically. Elements of these concepts are suggested to be used also in mainstream agriculture headlands, e.g. as ‘Ecological Focus Areas’, in order to improve soil structure as well as to establish a web of biodiversity while avoiding constraints for agricultural production.