Phosphorus speciation in a eutrophic lake by 31P NMR spectroscopy
Phosphorus speciation in a eutrophic lake by 31P NMR spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2014.06.005
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发表时间：
2014-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
McMahon, Katherine D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Read, Emily K.;Ivancic, Monika;McMahon, Katherine D.
对于富营养化湖泊，通过标准方法测量的磷(P)模式被很好地记录下来，但提供的关于组成标准操作定义的成分的信息很少。溶解P(DP)和颗粒态P(PP)是重要的但很少被描述的营养库。在2011年公开水域季节，对美国威斯康星州门多塔湖的水生磷动态进行了无与伦比的时间研究，用31磷核磁共振波谱(P-31核磁共振)对样品进行了表征。在溶解和颗粒组分中都检测到一系列有机和无机磷形态：正磷酸盐、正磷酸盐单酯、正磷酸盐二酯、焦磷酸盐、聚磷酸盐和磷酸盐。随着时间的推移，浮游植物生物量、温度、溶解氧和水的透明度与P组分的相对比例的变化相关。颗粒磷可以作为浮游植物结合磷的替代物，在这项研究中，颗粒样品中高比例的聚磷酸盐表明磷不应该成为主要初级生产者蓝藻的限制因素。亚磁颗粒磷样品的组成比地表样品的变化更大，这可能是由于下沉颗粒的生产和运输不同所致。表面溶解的样品中磷的含量低于颗粒样品，通常以正磷酸盐为主，但也含有单酯、双酯、聚磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐和磷酸盐。入湖水样中正磷酸盐和正磷单酯的含量高于入湖水样，说明入湖水中磷的转化。这一时间序列在其他水质指标(叶绿素、混合状态和透明度)的背景下探索了一种高度受管制的营养物质的趋势，并根据磷限制范例深入了解了含磷化合物的结构和赋存状态的变异性。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
For eutrophic lakes, patterns of phosphorus (P) measured by standard methods are well documented but provide little information about the components comprising standard operational definitions. Dissolved P (DP) and particulate P (PP) represents important but rarely characterized nutrient pools. Samples from Lake Mendota, Wisconsin, USA were characterized using 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (P-31 NMR) during the open water season of 2011 in this unmatched temporal study of aquatic P dynamics. A suite of organic and inorganic P forms was detected in both dissolved and particulate fractions: orthophosphate, orthophosphate monoesters, orthophosphate diesters, pyrophosphate, polyphosphate, and phosphonates. Through time, phytoplankton biomass, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity were correlated with changes in the relative proportion of P fractions. Particulate P can be used as a proxy for phytoplankton-bound P, and in this study, a high proportion of polyphosphate within particulate samples suggested P should not be a limiting factor for the dominant primary producers, cyanobacteria. Hypolimnetic particulate P samples were more variable in composition than surface samples, potentially due to varying production and transport of sinking particles. Surface dissolved samples contained less P than particulate samples, and were typically dominated by orthophosphate, but also contained monoester, diester, polyphosphate, pyrophosphate, and phosphonate. Hydrologic inflows to the lake contained more orthophosphate and orthophosphate monoesters than in-lake samples, indicating transformation of P from inflowing waters. This time series explores trends of a highly regulated nutrient in the context of other water quality metrics (chlorophyll, mixing regime, and clarity), and gives insight on the variability of the structure and occurrence of P-containing compounds in light of the phosphorus-limited paradigm. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.