PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, AND LONGEVITY OF COLLEGE ALUMNI
PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY, AND LONGEVITY OF COLLEGE ALUMNI
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DOI：
10.1056/nejm198603063141003
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发表时间：
1986-03-06
影响因子：
158.5
通讯作者：
HSIEH, CC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PAFFENBARGER, RS;HYDE, RT;HSIEH, CC
我们调查了16,936名年龄在35岁到74岁之间的哈佛校友的体力活动和其他生活方式特征，以了解他们与各种原因死亡率的关系以及对寿命的影响。在12年至16年(1962至1978)的跟踪调查中，共有1413名校友死亡。据报道，步行、爬楼梯和运动与总死亡率成反比，主要死于心血管或呼吸系统原因。死亡率稳步下降，因为用于这类活动的能源消耗从每周不到500千卡增加到3500千卡，此后死亡率略有上升。每周在锻炼中花费2000大卡或更多的校友的这一比例比不太活跃的男性低四分之一到三分之一。无论是否考虑高血压、吸烟、体重的极端或增加、或父母过早死亡，在经常运动的校友中，校友死亡率显著较低。吸烟者和患有高血压的男性的个人死亡相对风险最高，而社区中吸烟者和久坐的男性的归因风险最高。到80岁时，与久坐相比，充足的运动可以延长一到两年以上的寿命。
We examined the physical activity and other life-style characteristics of 16,936 Harvard alumni, aged 35 to 74, for relations to rates of mortality from all causes and for influences on length of life. A total of 1413 alumni died during 12 to 16 years of follow-up (1962 to 1978). Exercise reported as walking, stair climbing, and sports play related inversely to total mortality, primarily to death due to cardiovascular or respiratory causes. Death rates declined steadily as energy expended on such activity increased from less than 500 to 3500 kcal per week, beyond which rates increased slightly. Rates were one quarter to one third lower among alumni expending 2000 or more kcal during exercise per week than among less active men. With or without consideration of hypertension, cigarette smoking, extremes or gains in body weight, or early parental death, alumni mortality rates were significantly lower among the physically active. Relative risks of death for individuals were highest among cigarette smokers and men with hypertension, and attributable risks in the community were highest among smokers and sedentary men. By the age of 80, the amount of additional life attributable to adequate exercise, as compared with sedentariness, was one to more than two years.