Simultaneous measurement of film thickness and wave velocity in liquid-film flow with an optical fiber probe, micro-fabricated by a femtosecond pulse laser
Simultaneous measurement of film thickness and wave velocity in liquid-film flow with an optical fiber probe, micro-fabricated by a femtosecond pulse laser
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使用飞秒脉冲激光微加工光纤探头同时测量液膜流中的膜厚和波速
DOI：
10.1016/j.ces.2021.116704
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Hajime Furuichi and Yuki Mizushima
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noguchi Yuki;Ohta Yusei;Matsushima Kei;Yamada Takayuki;Hajime Furuichi and Yuki Mizushima
测量液膜界面的波动运动是控制传热传质效率的必要条件。这种局部和暂时的微小扰动与流速、液膜厚度、表面波速度、界面/壁面剪切应力等相互作用。为了揭示这些相互作用，我们进行了本研究开发一种新的侵入式光学技术的光纤探针微制造的飞秒脉冲激光器（Fs-TOP）的直接和同时测量的液膜厚度和波速。Fs-TOP是一款具有单根光纤的二合一传感器。其锥形和楔形直径为10 μ m。尖端是一个传感器，另一个是在尖端附近微制造的。两个传感器都检测周围的相位，因此利用传感器的局部相位检测的时间差来精确地计算具有优越的上级空间分辨率的波速。在此，我们将Fs-TOP水平固定到通道底部，并将传感尖端点设置为与气流相反。结果证实了一个基本的测量原理的时间平均液膜厚度和波速，分别在验证实验。在厚度测量的验证实验中，我们垂直穿过Fs-TOP的安装高度，并根据每个高度的输出信号计算液膜比。我们观察到，当液膜比为56%时，安装高度等于0.46 [mm]的时间平均厚度。用随机波分析表明，Fs-TOP的去湿过程造成的平均厚度的误差为3%。在波速测量实验中，我们将Fs-TOP与激光诱导荧光可视化的结果进行了比较。结果表明，Fs-TOP数据与可视化结果在15%的精度范围内吻合良好。我们还通过对Fs-TOP进行三维射线追踪模拟，评估了波速测量的不确定性。
Measuring the wavy motion of the liquid-film interface is necessary for controlling the transportation efficiency of heat and mass transfer. Such a locally and temporally minor perturbation interacts with the flow rate, liquid-film thickness, surface wave velocity, interfacial-/wall-shear stresses, and more. To reveal those interaction, we conducted the present study to develop a new intrusive optical technique for an optical fiber probe micro-fabricated by a femtosecond pulse laser (Fs-TOP) for the direct and simultaneous measurements of the liquid-film thickness and wave velocity. The Fs-TOP is a two-in-one sensor with a single fiber. Its tapered and wedge-shaped 10-μm-dia. tip is one sensor, and another is micro-fabricated in the tip's immediate vicinity. Both sensors detect the surrounding phase, and therefore the time difference of the local phase detection with the sensors is used to accurately calculate the wave velocity with superior spatial resolution. Herein, we fixed the Fs-TOP horizontally to the channel bottom and set the sensing tip point against the gas flow. The results confirmed a basic measurement principle for the time-average thickness of the liquid film and wave velocity, respectively, in verification experiments. In the verification experiment for the thickness measurement, we vertically traversed an installed height of the Fs-TOP and calculated the liquid-film ratio from the output signal at every height. We observed that the installed height equaled the time-average thickness of 0.46 [mm] when the liquid-film ratio as 56%. An analysis using random waves indicated that the de-wetting process of the Fs-TOP caused 3% error of the average thickness. In the wave-velocity measurement experiment, we compared the results obtained with the Fs-TOP with those of a laser-induced fluorescence visualization. The results demonstrated that the Fs-TOP data were in good agreement with those of the visualization within 15% accuracy. We also evaluated the uncertainties in the wave-velocity measurement by performing a 3D ray-tracing simulation of the Fs-TOP.
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