Measuring the benefit of orthophosphate treatment on lead in drinking water
Measuring the benefit of orthophosphate treatment on lead in drinking water
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DOI：
10.2166/wh.2009.015
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Cardew, P. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cardew, P. T.
许多自来水公司正在向供水中添加低浓度的正磷酸盐，以降低铅供水管道腐蚀产生的饮用水中的铅浓度。尽管在客户物业测量的铅浓度具有反复无常的性质，但仍有可能量化处理对铅浓度的影响，从而量化区域和区域一级的处理效果。这表明，处理政策使铅浓度降低了90%以上，这在很大程度上符合理论。在整个地区，领先业绩和领先业绩的下降表现出显著差异。这种差异在很大程度上可以归因于通过含铅供水管道供应的含铅性能比例的变化。分析显示，在过去十年中，颗粒铅的比例也大幅下降。这归因于腐蚀层的机械稳定性因其物理结构的变化而提高。这似乎是一个非常缓慢的过程，具有几年的自然时间尺度。
Many water companies are adding low concentrations of orthophosphate to the water supply in order to reduce lead concentrations in drinking water produced from corrosion of lead service pipes. Despite the erratic nature of lead concentrations measured at customer properties it has been possible to quantify the impact of treatment on lead concentrations and thereby quantify the effectiveness of treatment at both a regional and zonal level. This showed that the treatment policy has delivered more than 90 per cent reduction in lead concentrations, and was largely in accordance with theory. Across the region, lead performance and the reduction in lead performance show significant variation. A large part of this variation can be accounted for by variations in the proportion of leaded properties supplied through lead service pipes. Analysis showed that the proportion of particulate lead has also reduced significantly over the last decade. This is attributed to improved mechanical robustness of the corrosion layer caused by changes in its physical structure. This appears to be a very slow process with a natural time-scale of years.