MUSCLE SPINDLES IN HUMAN EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES
MUSCLE SPINDLES IN HUMAN EXTRINSIC EYE MUSCLES
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DOI：
10.1093/brain/72.1.1
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发表时间：
1949-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.5
通讯作者：
DANIEL, PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COOPER, S;DANIEL, PM
Whitnall（1932）详细描述了人类眼外肌的大体解剖结构，Ovio（1925）和Walls（1942）也进行了比较研究。在这里我们只需要指出，人的六块外在的眼肌是长（都是大约4厘米）和脆弱的。直肌位于地球赤道的前方，而斜肌位于赤道附近。因此，它们能够带来眼球的大运动，并做出双目和立体视觉所要求的所有调整，并与直立姿势和前肢的解放有关。在动物中，不同物种的眼球运动范围差别很大，眼外肌的大体和显微解剖结构也相应不同。的评论。各种动物眼肌的组织学特征由Hinsey (1934), Irvine（1936）和Lauber（1936）给出。这些肌肉是由平行的交叉横纹肌纤维组成的，根据洛克哈特和勃兰特（1938）的说法，人眼肌肉中的所有纤维都贯穿整个肌肉。与其他躯体肌肉相比，肌肉纤维的直径较小，但可能在10至50 fi之间变化很大（Wohlfart, 1935; Voss, 1935）。Woollard（1931）关于肌纤维大小的讨论只涉及兔子。
A detailed description of the gross anatomy of the human extrinsic eye muscles is given by Whitnall (1932) and comparative studies may be found in Ovio (1925) and Walls (1942). We need only point out here that the six extrinsic eye muscles of man are long (all about 4 cm.) and delicate. The recti are inserted well anterior to the equator of the globe, whilst the obliques are inserted near the equator. They are thus capable of bringing about big movements of the eyeball and making all those adjustments called for in binocular and stereoscopic vision, and associated with upright posture and the emancipation of the fore-limbs. In animals the range of eye movement varies greatly in the different species, and the gross and microscopic anatomy of the extrinsic eye muscles varies accordingly.Reviews of the. histological characteristics of eye muscles of various animals are given by Hinsey (1934), Irvine (1936), and Lauber (1936). These muscles are composed of parallel cross-striated muscle fibres and according to Lockhart and Brandt (1938) all the fibres in human eye muscles run the full length of the muscle. The muscle fibres are small in diameter compared with those of other somatic muscles but may vary greatly between limits of about 10 to 50 fi across (Wohlfart, 1935; Voss, 1935). Woollard's (1931) discussion of muscle fibre size referred only to the rabbit.