Key challenges in agent-based modelling for geo-spatial simulation
Key challenges in agent-based modelling for geo-spatial simulation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.09.004
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
6.8
通讯作者：
Batty, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crooks, Andrew;Castle, Christian;Batty, Michael
基于代理的建模（ABM）正在成为社会模拟中的主导范式，主要是由于一种世界观，即复杂系统是自下而上出现的，是高度分散的，并且由大量称为代理的异构对象组成。这些代理人的行为有一定的目的和他们的互动，通常通过时间和空间，产生紧急秩序，往往在更高的水平比这些代理人的运作。然而，反弹道导弹提出的挑战与它试图解决的挑战一样多。本文的目的是对这些挑战进行分类，并使用应用于城市系统的三种略有不同的基于代理的模型来说明它们。我们提出的七项挑战包括：建立模型的目的，模型植根于独立理论的程度，模型可以复制的程度，模型可能被验证，校准和验证的方式，模型动态以代理交互表示的方式，模型可操作的程度，以及模型可以与他人交流和共享的方式。一旦编目，我们说明这些挑战与行人模型在伦敦市中心的紧急疏散，一个假设的模型，住宅隔离模型调整到伦敦的数据，和一个基于代理的住宅选址模型，大伦敦。这种新风格的建模所造成的模糊性得出的结论，这种建模突出的相对任意性。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Agent-based modelling (ABM) is becoming the dominant paradigm in social simulation due primarily to a worldview that suggests that complex systems emerge from the bottom-up, are highly decentralised, and are composed of a multitude of heterogeneous objects called agents. These agents act with some purpose and their interaction, usually through time and space, generates emergent order, often at higher levels than those at which such agents operate. ABM however raises as many challenges as it seeks to resolve. It is the purpose of this paper to catalogue these challenges and to illustrate them using three somewhat different agent-based models applied to city systems. The seven challenges we pose involve: the purpose for which the model is built, the extent to which the model is rooted in independent theory, the extent to which the model can be replicated, the ways the model might be verified, calibrated and validated, the way model dynamics are represented in terms of agent interactions, the extent to which the model is operational, and the way the model can be communicated and shared with others. Once catalogued, we then illustrate these challenges with a pedestrian model for emergency evacuation in central London, a hypothetical model of residential segregation model tuned to London data, and an agent-based residential location model, for Greater London. The ambiguities posed by this new style of modelling are drawn out as conclusions, and the relative arbitrariness of such modelling highlighted. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.