Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Seafood safety and human health perspectives
Paralytic shellfish poisoning: Seafood safety and human health perspectives
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.12.013
复制
发表时间：
2010-08-15
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Etheridge, Stacey M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Etheridge, Stacey M.
麻痹性贝类中毒 (PSP) 是一种食源性疾病，与食用受统称为石房蛤毒素 (STX) 的神经毒素污染的海鲜产品有关。该神经毒素家族与电压门控钠通道结合，从而通过阻止钠离子穿过膜来减弱动作电位。症状包括刺痛、麻木、头痛、虚弱和呼吸困难。医疗治疗是提供呼吸支持，否则预后可能是致命的。为了保护人类健康，当毒素超过安全作用水平（通常为 80 μg STX eq 100 g(-1) 组织）时，海鲜捕捞禁令就会生效。尽管全球范围内已发生死亡病例，但成功的管理和监测计划已将 PSP 病例和相关死亡人数降至最低。人们对毒素来源（主要是某些甲藻）了解很多，并且有大量关于毒素转移到传统载体（滤食性软体动物双壳类）的信息。非传统媒介，例如河豚鱼和龙虾，也可能构成风险。快速可靠的检测方法对于多种基质中的毒素监测至关重要，并且这些方法必须经过适当的验证才能达到监管目的。本文重点介绍了 PSP 海鲜安全问题、记录的人类病例、应用检测方法以及防止 PSP 污染的海鲜产品进入食品供应的监测和管理策略。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is the foodborne illness associated with the consumption of seafood products contaminated with the neurotoxins known collectively as saxitoxins (STXs). This family of neurotoxins binds to voltage-gated sodium channels, thereby attenuating action potentials by preventing the passage of sodium ions across the membrane. Symptoms include tingling, numbness, headaches, weakness and difficulty breathing. Medical treatment is to provide respiratory support, without which the prognosis can be fatal. To protect human health, seafood harvesting bans are in effect when toxins exceed a safe action level (typically 80 mu g STX eq 100 g(-1) tissue). Though worldwide fatalities have occurred, successful management and monitoring programs have minimized PSP cases and associated deaths. Much is known about the toxin sources, primarily certain dinoflagellate species, and there is extensive information on toxin transfer to traditional vectors - filter-feeding molluscan bivalves. Non-traditional vectors, such as puffer fish and lobster, may also pose a risk. Rapid and reliable detection methods are critical for toxin monitoring in a wide range of matrices, and these methods must be appropriately validated for regulatory purposes. This paper highlights PSP seafood safety concerns, documented human cases, applied detection methods as well as monitoring and management strategies for preventing PSP-contaminated seafood products from entering the food supply. Published by Elsevier Ltd.