CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010
CARIBIC aircraft measurements of Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds in April/May 2010
复制标题
2010 年 4 月/5 月加勒比飞机对埃亚菲亚德拉冰盖火山云的测量
DOI：
10.5194/acp-12-879-2012
复制
发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
P. Velthoven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Rauthe;A. Weigelt;M. Hermann;B. Martinsson;A. Baker;K. Heue;C. Brenninkmeijer;A. Zahn;D. Scharffe;S. Eckhardt;A. Stohl;P. Velthoven
抽象的。基于仪表容器的定期大气调查民用飞机(CARIBIC)项目使用汉莎航空公司的一架空中客车长途客机调查地球大气中的物理和化学过程。在2010年4月14日冰岛Eyjafjallajokull火山爆发开始后，于4月20日在波罗的海和瑞典南部上空进行了第一次CARIBIC火山专题测量飞行。随后又进行了两次飞行：一次于2010年5月16日飞越爱尔兰和爱尔兰海，另一次于5月19日飞越挪威海。在这三次特别任务中，CARIBIC集装箱证明了其作为综合飞行实验室的优点。第一次飞行(4月20日)在波罗的海上空收集的颗粒的元素组成表明存在火山灰。在北爱尔兰和爱尔兰海上空(5月16日)，DOAS系统探测到SO2和BROO与火山灰颗粒共处，这增加了气溶胶的光学厚度。在挪威海上空(5月19日)，光学粒子计数器探测到直径大于400 nm的粒子在气溶胶扩散模型预测的火山灰云区域急剧增加。在爱尔兰海和挪威海收集的气溶胶粒子样本显示，硅、铁、钛和钙元素的相对含量大幅增加。2010年5月16日和19日采集的全空气样本中的非甲烷碳氢化合物浓度显示出几种碳氢化合物的去除模式，这在火山云中的氯化学中是典型的。测量的火山灰浓度和模拟与FLEXPART扩散模型的比较表明，由于火山云来源、范围和斑块的巨大变异性以及火山云中形成的薄火山灰层，详细的火山灰扩散模拟是困难的。
Abstract. The Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the Atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container (CARIBIC) project investigates physical and chemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere using a Lufthansa Airbus long-distance passenger aircraft. After the beginning of the explosive eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano on Iceland on 14 April 2010, the first CARIBIC volcano-specific measurement flight was carried out over the Baltic Sea and Southern Sweden on 20 April. Two more flights followed: one over Ireland and the Irish Sea on 16 May and the other over the Norwegian Sea on 19 May 2010. During these three special mission flights the CARIBIC container proved its merits as a comprehensive flying laboratory. The elemental composition of particles collected over the Baltic Sea during the first flight (20 April) indicated the presence of volcanic ash. Over Northern Ireland and the Irish Sea (16 May), the DOAS system detected SO2 and BrO co-located with volcanic ash particles that increased the aerosol optical depth. Over the Norwegian Sea (19 May), the optical particle counter detected a strong increase of particles larger than 400 nm diameter in a region where ash clouds were predicted by aerosol dispersion models. Aerosol particle samples collected over the Irish Sea and the Norwegian Sea showed large relative enhancements of the elements silicon, iron, titanium and calcium. Non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations in whole air samples collected on 16 and 19 May 2010 showed a pattern of removal of several hydrocarbons that is typical for chlorine chemistry in the volcanic clouds. Comparisons of measured ash concentrations and simulations with the FLEXPART dispersion model demonstrate the difficulty of detailed volcanic ash dispersion modelling due to the large variability of the volcanic cloud sources, extent and patchiness as well as the thin ash layers formed in the volcanic clouds.