EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE AND INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ORAL POLIOVIRUS VACCINE AND INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS VACCINE
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DOI：
10.1097/00006454-199112000-00029
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发表时间：
1991-12-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
BEALE, AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BEALE, AJ
灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗（IPV）是预防麻痹性脊髓灰质炎的首选疫苗，前提是它是在一个规划的范围内使用，以提高和维持尽可能接近100%的吸收量。这意味着既要针对社会上的弱势群体，也要针对那些拥有自己儿科医生的群体。原因是增强效力灭活脊髓灰质炎疫苗是安全的，而口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗（OPV）与低但明确的瘫痪风险相关，特别是在第一剂后。以抗体浓度衡量的免疫力至少与口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗一样好，在某些情况下，如在热带地区或加强剂量，甚至优于口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗。如瑞典和荷兰的经验所示，IPV可减少活脊髓灰质炎病毒的复制并产生群体免疫。无论是由口服脊髓灰质炎病毒还是IPV诱导的免疫，都涉及记忆细胞，并且是持久的，这可以从对加强剂量的快速二次反应中看出。IPV还可与其他疫苗成分混合使用，以提供对越来越多的儿童感染的免疫力。
Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is the vaccine of choice for Protection against paralytic poliomyelitis provided that it is used within the context of a program to increase and sustain the level of uptake to as close to 100% as possible. This means targeting the disadvantaged in society as well as those who have their own pediatrician. The reasons are that enhanced-potency killed polio vaccine is safe, whereas oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) is associated with a low, but definite, risk of paralysis, especially after the first dose. The immunity, as measured by antibody concentrations, is at least as good as and, in some circumstances, such as in the tropics or for booster doses, better than that provided by OPV. IPV reduces the replication of living poliovirus and produces herd immunity, as exemplified by experience in Sweden and Holland. The immunity, whether induced by OPV or IPV, involves memory cells and is long lasting, as seen by the rapid secondary response to a booster dose. IPV also can be mixed with other vaccine components to provide immunity against an increasing range of childhood infections.