In vitro assessment of pyrethroid bioaccessibility via particle ingestion.
In vitro assessment of pyrethroid bioaccessibility via particle ingestion.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.043
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发表时间：
2018-06
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Jie Wang;Kunde Lin;Allison R. Taylor;J. Gan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jie Wang;Kunde Lin;Allison R. Taylor;J. Gan
由于在农业和住宅虫害防治中大量使用，人类经常接触多种拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的残留物。拟除虫菊酯对固体颗粒具有特别高的亲和力，因此需要了解人类通过口服摄入受污染的土壤或粉尘颗粒而暴露的情况。在这项研究中，我们使用人工胃肠道液体来测量土壤和灰尘样品中8种当前使用的拟除虫菊酯的解吸或生物可及性。Tenax被进一步纳入平行处理中，以模拟拟除虫菊酯转移到脂质膜的去除效果。在20 mL的消化液中加入0.4 g的Tenax，可以快速有效地捕获拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，并进一步大大提高生物可及性。在不添加Tenax的人工消化液中，拟除虫菊酯在21 h内解吸率为6.0 ~ 48.0%，添加Tenax后，解吸率提高了1.6 ~ 4.1倍，达到21.5 ~ 79.3%。因此，6.0-79.3%的土壤或粉尘传播的拟除虫菊酯在摄入后可能被认为是生物可利用的。虽然蛋白质和蔗糖增加了估计的生物可及性，但脂质（植物油）的共同存在降低了拟除虫菊酯的生物可及性，可能是由于竞争性相分配。拟除虫菊酯在含胰酶的人工肠液中也不稳定，进一步降低了拟除虫菊酯在土壤或粉尘颗粒上的潜在生物可及性。应考虑有限的生物可及性，以完善通过口服摄入拟除虫菊酯残留物的人类暴露和风险的预测。
Due to their intensive use in agricultural and residential pest control, human exposure to residues of multiple pyrethroids frequently occurs. Pyrethroids have exceptionally high affinity for solid particles, highlighting the need to understand human exposure through oral ingestion of contaminated soil or dust particles. In this study, we used artificial gastrointestinal fluids to measure the desorption or bioaccessibility of eight current-use pyrethroids in soil and dust samples. Tenax was further included as a sink in parallel treatments to simulate the effect of removal due to transfer of pyrethroids to lipid membranes. The use of 0.4 g of Tenax in 20 mL digestive fluids resulted in rapid and efficient trapping of pyrethroids, and further, greatly increased bioaccessibility. In the artificial digestive fluids without Tenax, 6.0–48.0% of pyrethroids were desorbed over 21 h, and the fractions increased by 1.6–4.1 folds to 21.5–79.3% with the Tenax sink. Therefore, 6.0–79.3% of soil or dust-borne pyrethroids may be considered bioavailable upon ingestion. While protein and sucrose increased the estimated bioaccessibility, co-presence of lipid (vegetable oil) decreased the bioaccessibility of pyrethroids, likely due to competitive phase partition. Pyrethroids were also found to be unstable in the artificial intestinal fluid containing pancreatin, further decreasing the potential bioaccessibility of pyrethroids on soil or dust particles. The limited bioaccessibility should be considered to refine the prediction of human exposure and risk through oral ingestion of pyrethroid residues.