Manipulating visual-motor experience to probe for observation-induced after-effects in adaptation learning
Manipulating visual-motor experience to probe for observation-induced after-effects in adaptation learning
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DOI：
10.1007/s00221-013-3788-6
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Hodges, Nicola J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lim, Shannon B.;Larssen, Beverley C.;Hodges, Nicola J.
观察者可以在观看学习模型或专家模型后，学会在新的、适应的环境中移动。虽然这是一种有效的练习技巧，但目前尚不清楚这种学习是如何实现的，以及观察者是否更新了他们的视觉运动环境的内部模型，如通过后效的存在所显示的那样（即，当暴露于扰动条件下在正常环境中瞄准时的负面携带效应）。为了通过观察实践来实现这种更新，有理由认为观察者需要运动能力来执行他们正在观察的任务。为了验证这一点，我们首先训练了三组人在顺时针（CW）或逆时针（CCW）旋转的环境中进行物理移动。当立即回到正常环境时，可以看到后遗症。然后，我们尝试在允许其中两个组（CW和CCW）以及一个仅观察的组观看演员在CW环境中表演的视频之前清除这些影响。在这个观察阶段之后，紧接着是另一个后续效果测试和在旋转环境中瞄准时的直接学习测试。与以往的数据一致，由于观察，有直接的学习效果。虽然有经验的观察者的后遗症有所增加，但这些影响很小，与没有经历观察阶段的只进行物理练习的组没有显著差异。因此，即使有了旋转环境的运动技能，也缺乏证据表明观察练习会导致瞄准内部模型的内隐（再）更新。
Observers can learn to move in novel, adapted environments after watching a learning or expert model. Although this is an effective practice technique, it is unclear how this learning is achieved and if observers update an internal model of their visual-motor environment, as shown through the presence of after-effects (i.e., negative carry-over effects when aiming in a normal environment following exposure to perturbed conditions). For such updating to occur via observational practice, it has been reasoned that the observer requires the motor capabilities to perform the task they are observing. To test this, we first trained three groups to physically move in clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise (CCW) rotated environments. When immediately returned to a normal environment, after-effects were seen. We then attempted to wash out these effects before allowing two of these groups (CW and CCW), and a na < ve observation only group, to watch a video of an actor performing in a CW environment. This observation phase was immediately followed by another test for after-effects and a direct test of learning when aiming in the rotated environment. Consistent with previous data, there were direct learning effects due to observation. Although after-effects increased for the experienced observers, these were small and were not significantly different from a physical practice only group that did not undergo the observation phase. Therefore, even with a motor repertoire for the rotated environment, there was a lack of evidence that observational practice results in implicit (re)updating of an internal model for aiming.