Competition between maize and Datura stramonium in an irrigated field under semi-arid conditions
Competition between maize and Datura stramonium in an irrigated field under semi-arid conditions
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00140.x
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发表时间：
1999-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Pardo, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cavero, J;Zaragoza, C;Pardo, A
玉米（Zea mays L.）和曼陀罗Datura stramonium L.在萨拉戈萨（西班牙）的一个漫灌农田中，对单作和竞争进行了4年的研究。玉米种植密度为8.33m（-2），而鸭茅种植密度为16.66m（-2）（1994年和1995年）和8.33m（-2）（1996年和1997年）。曼陀罗与杂草竞争时，玉米产量下降14-63%。作物和杂草出苗之间的时间减少，产量减少。在指数生长期，玉米单株叶面积的发展更快，主要是因为玉米幼苗在出苗时的叶面积大于杂草。玉米叶面积和株高的快速生长减少了杂草所接受的光合有效辐射。曼陀罗的辐射利用效率（芸香）低于玉米。杂草的竞争使作物的最大叶面积指数（LAI）略有下降，加速了玉米叶片的衰老。杂草在季节后期与作物竞争，降低作物生长速度、每穗粒数和粒重。D.竞争力曼陀罗对光照的贡献主要是由于其生长习性，即叶片集中在冠层上部（叶面积指数的75%以上集中在冠层上部25%的高度），较高的消光系数（0.89）和不确定的生长习性。玉米植株含氮量不受杂草的影响。杂草有较高的N植物含量比整个季节的作物，并采取了更多的N单作。
Crop growth of maize (Zea mays L.) and Datura stramonium L. in monoculture and competition was studied over 4 years in a flood irrigated field in Zaragoza (Spain). Plant density was 8.33 m(-2) for maize and 16.66 m(-2) (1994 and 1995) and 8.33 m(-2) (1996 and 1997) for D. stramonium. Maize yield was decreased by 14-63% when competing with the weed. Yield reduction increased as the time between crop and weed emergence decreased. The development of leaf area per plant during the exponential growth phase was faster in maize primarily because the leaf area of maize seedlings at emergence time was greater than that of the weed. The faster growth of maize in leaf area and height reduced the photosynthetically active radiation received by the weed. Datura stramonium had a lower radiation use efficiency (RUE) than maize. Competition from the weed slightly decreased the maximum leaf area index (LAI) of the crop, and leaf senescence of maize was accelerated. The weed competed with the crop late in the season reducing crop growth rate, grain number per ear and grain weight. Competitive ability of D. stramonium for light was mainly due to its growth habit, with the leaves concentrated in the upper part of the canopy (more than 75% of LAI in the upper 25% of its height), its higher light extinction coefficient (0.89) and its indeterminate growth habit. The N plant content of maize was not influenced by the presence of the weed. The weed had a higher N plant content than the crop throughout the season and took up more N in monoculture.