Adolescent Girls, Human Rights and the Expanding Climate Emergency
Adolescent Girls, Human Rights and the Expanding Climate Emergency
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DOI：
10.1016/j.aogh.2015.08.003
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发表时间：
2015-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Bruce, Judith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atkinson, Holly G.;Bruce, Judith
在最近的历史上，作为人道主义紧急情况主要原因之一的自然灾害的数量和规模都明显增加。2000年至2009年，与1980年至1989年相比，地球仪发生的自然灾害增加了3倍，其中与气候有关的事件占增加的近80%。[1]自2008年以来，洪水、风暴和地震等自然灾害平均每年造成2640万人流离失所。即使在调整人口增长后，今天因灾难而流离失所的可能性也比40年前高出60%。2仅在2013年，就有9 700万人受到自然灾害的影响。3人为灾害是人道主义紧急情况的另一个主要原因（例如通过暴力和冲突），也仍然是流离失所的主要驱动因素。根据联合国难民事务高级专员办事处（难民署）的数据，2014年大规模流离失所达到了前所未有的水平：“全世界有5950万人因迫害、冲突、普遍暴力或侵犯人权而被迫流离失所。4特别是在脆弱和受冲突影响的国家，武装冲突和自然灾害这两种相互重叠的危险的复杂组合在造成人道主义危机方面发挥了作用，预计气候变化只会加剧这种危机。2
In recent history, the number and scale of natural disasters, one of the major causes of humanitarian emergencies, have increased markedly. From 2000 to 2009, compared with the period from 1980 to 1989, there were 3 times more natural disasters across the globe, with climate-related events accounting for nearly 80% of the increase. 1 Since 2008, natural disasters such as floods, storms, and earthquakes have displaced an average of 26.4 million people per year. Even after adjusting for growth in population, the likelihood of being displaced by a disaster today is 60% higher than it was 40 years ago. 2 In 2013 alone, 97 million people were affected by natural disasters. 3Man-made disasters, the other major cause of humanitarian emergencies (by means, for example, of violence and conflict), remain a leading driver of displacement as well. According to the UN High Commissioner of Refugees (UNHCR), mass displacement reached unprecedented levels in 2014:“59.5 million individuals were forcibly displaced worldwide as a result of persecution, conflict, generalized violence, or human rights violations.” 4 Particularly in fragile and conflict-affected states, a complex mix of overlapping hazardsdboth armed conflict and natural disastersdplays a role in creating humanitarian crises, one that climate change is expected only to exacerbate. 2