Visual Search in Complex Displays: Factors Affecting Conflict Detection by Air Traffic Controllers
Visual Search in Complex Displays: Factors Affecting Conflict Detection by Air Traffic Controllers
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DOI：
10.1518/001872000779698105
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发表时间：
2000-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Remington;J. C. Johnston;E. Ruthruff;M. Gold;Maria Romera
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文献类型：
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作者：
R. Remington;J. C. Johnston;E. Ruthruff;M. Gold;Maria Romera
最近的自由飞行建议放宽空域限制，并给予更大的自主权，飞机引起了关注，他们对控制器的性能的影响。放宽航线和高度限制将降低通过个别扇区的交通的规律性，可能损害管制员的情况感知。我们在四个视觉搜索实验中研究了这种降低的规律性的影响，这些实验测试了控制器在固定路线（存在与不存在）和高度限制（存在与不存在）的阶乘操作所产生的四种条件下对交通冲突的检测。这四个条件下进行了测试，在不同水平的交通负荷和冲突的几何形状（冲突时间和冲突角度）。交通负荷和冲突的几何形状表现出强烈的和一致的影响，在所有的实验。彩色编码高度也大大提高了检测时间。相比之下，取消高度限制只有很小的负面影响，取消航线限制几乎没有负面影响。在某些情况下，冲突检测实际上在没有固定路线的情况下更好。自由飞行的可行性，这些结果的影响和局限性进行了讨论。实际或潜在的应用包括在自由飞行操作概念的选择中提供指导。
Recent free flight proposals to relax airspace constraints and give greater autonomy to aircraft have raised concerns about their impact on controller performance. Relaxing route and altitude restrictions would reduce the regularity of traffic through individual sectors, possibly impairing controller situation awareness. We examined the impact of this reduced regularity in four visual search experiments that tested controllers' detection of traffic conflicts in the four conditions created by factorial manipulation of fixed routes (present vs. absent) and altitude restrictions (present vs. absent). These four conditions were tested under varying levels of traffic load and conflict geometry (conflict time and conflict angle). Traffic load and conflict geometry showed strong and consistent effects in all experiments. Color coding altitude also substantially improved detection times. In contrast, removing altitude restrictions had only a small negative impact, and removing route restrictions had virtually no negative impact. In some cases conflict detection was actually better without fixed routes. The implications and limitations of these results for the feasibility of free flight are discussed. Actual or potential applications include providing guidance in the selection of free flight operational concepts.