The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) can be re-induced by wounding, wnt-2b, and fgf-10 in the chicken limb bud
The apical ectodermal ridge (AER) can be re-induced by wounding, wnt-2b, and fgf-10 in the chicken limb bud
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.03.018
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发表时间：
2010-06-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wada, Naoyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Satoh, Akira;Makanae, Aki;Wada, Naoyuki
人们很少努力将两栖动物肢体再生研究中获得的见解应用于高等脊椎动物。在两栖动物肢体再生过程中，称为顶端外胚层帽（AEC）的功能性上皮会触发再生反应。只要AEC被诱导，肢体就会再生。有趣的是，在鸡胚胎中也观察到了类似的反应。 AEC 是与高等脊椎动物的顶外胚层脊 (AER) 等效的结构。当肢芽被截除时，它不会再生；然而，如果将AER移植到截肢表面，则可以修复截肢肢芽的损伤。因此，AER/AEC 能够诱导两栖动物和高等脊椎动物的再生反应。然而，在高等脊椎动物中诱导肢体再生是很困难的。原因之一是高等脊椎动物截肢后 AER 的重新诱导具有挑战性。在这里，我们评估了高等脊椎动物中 AER 重新诱导是否可能。首先，我们评估了鸡胚胎截肢后的事件顺序，并比较了两栖动物和雏鸡的肢体发育和再生特征。根据我们的发现，我们尝试重新诱导 AER。当在受伤的同时插入表达 wnt-2b/fgf-10 的细胞时，成功地重新诱导了 AER。这些结果为高等脊椎动物的肢体再生开辟了新的可能性，因为 AER 再诱导（被认为是肢体再生的关键因素）现已成为可能。 (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
Little effort has been made to apply the insights gained from studies of amphibian limb regeneration to higher vertebrates. During amphibian limb regeneration, a functional epithelium called the apical ectodermal cap (AEC) triggers a regenerative response. As long as the AEC is induced, limb regeneration will take place. Interestingly, similar responses have been observed in chicken embryos. The AEC is an equivalent structure to the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) in higher vertebrates. When a limb bud is amputated it does not regenerate; however, if the AER is grafted onto the amputation surface, damage to the amputated limb bud can be repaired. Thus, the AER/AEC is able to induce regenerative responses in both amphibians and higher vertebrates. It is difficult, however, to induce limb regeneration in higher vertebrates. One reason for this is that re-induction of the AER after amputation in higher vertebrates is challenging. Here, we evaluated whether AER re-induction was possible in higher vertebrates. First, we assessed the sequence of events following limb amputation in chick embryos and compared the features of limb development and regeneration in amphibians and chicks. Based on our findings, we attempted to re-induce the AER. When wnt-2b/fgf-10-expressing cells were inserted concurrently with wounding, successful re-induction of the AER occurred. These results open up new possibilities for limb regeneration in higher vertebrates since AER re-induction, which is considered a key factor in limb regeneration, is now possible. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.