Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies
Measuring responses of harbour seals to potential aversive acoustic mitigation signals using controlled exposure behavioural response studies
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DOI：
10.1002/aqc.3150
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Thompson, Dave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon, Jonathan;Blight, Clint;Thompson, Dave
一些人类活动对海洋物种构成严重风险。例如，打桩可能会损害海洋哺乳动物的听力，而水下爆炸也可能导致身体损伤或死亡。需要采取有效的缓解措施来减少这些风险，但条例中规定的禁区可能延伸数百或数千米，海豹造成特别的问题，因为它们在海上很难被发现。令人厌恶的声音缓解旨在通过广播特定的声学信号，在危险活动发生之前将动物排除在高风险区域之外。需要进行实地研究，以确定可能有效地促使诸如斑海豹（Phoca vitulina）等海洋物种短期回避的信号。进行了一系列受控暴露实验（CEE），以测量海豹对声威慑装置（ADD）和捕食者呼叫的反应，并评估候选信号对减轻厌恶声音的有效性。海豹装备了UHF/GPS发射机，提供连续的高分辨率跟踪和实时传输其位置。一艘跟踪/回放船在海上定位海豹，并在海豹觅食或在地点之间移动时，在一定距离范围内发送ADD信号或虎鲸（Orcinus orca）的叫声。对暴露前、暴露期间和暴露后的行为进行分析，以评估反应。110个中东欧被评估为至少“足够”的质量。在使用Lofitech ADD进行的71次充分试验中，所有38次试验的范围均为
Some anthropogenic activities pose acute risks for marine species. For example, pile driving could damage the hearing of marine mammals while underwater explosions can also result in physical damage or death. Effective mitigation is required to reduce these risks, but the exclusion zones specified in regulations can extend over hundreds or thousands of metres and seals pose particular problems because they are difficult to detect at sea. Aversive sound mitigation aims to exclude animals from high-risk areas before dangerous activities take place by broadcasting specific acoustic signals. Field research is needed to identify signals that might be effective in eliciting short-term avoidance by marine species such as harbour seals (Phoca vitulina). A series of controlled-exposure experiments (CEEs) were undertaken to measure seal movements in response to acoustic deterrent devices (ADD) and predator calls, and to assess the effectiveness of candidate signals for aversive sound mitigation. Seals were fitted with UHF/GPS transmitters providing continuous high-resolution tracks and real-time transmissions of their locations. A tracking/playback vessel located seals at sea and transmitted either ADD signals or orca (Orcinus orca) calls over a range of distances while seals were foraging or moving between sites. Behaviour before, during and after exposure was analysed to assess responses. One-hundred and ten CEEs were assessed as being of at least 'adequate' quality. Of the 71 adequate trials with the Lofitech ADD, all 38 at ranges of