Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of probiotics: A review
Prophylactic and therapeutic uses of probiotics: A review
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-8223(01)00060-8
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kopp-Hoolihan, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kopp-Hoolihan, L
益生菌是一种活的微生物食品补充剂，通过改善肠道微生物平衡来有益地影响宿主，在当前的自我护理和补充医学时代，益生菌作为功能性食品正在迅速获得关注。微生物已经在食品和酒精发酵中使用多年，最近已经接受了科学审查，以检查其所谓的健康益处，一些研究支持益生菌消费有益效果的声明包括：改善肠道健康，增强免疫系统，合成和提高营养素的生物利用度，减少乳糖不耐受的症状，降低易感个体中过敏的患病率，并降低某些癌症的风险。益生菌发挥作用的机制在很大程度上尚不清楚，但可能涉及改变肠道pH值、通过产生抗菌和抗菌化合物来对抗病原体、竞争病原体结合和受体位点以及可用的营养素和生长因子、刺激免疫调节细胞和产生乳糖酶。选择标准，功效，食品和补充剂来源以及益生菌周围的安全问题进行了审查，营养专业人员可以通过帮助客户克服对所有细菌的负面看法，并在适当的情况下，通过制定个性化的饮食计划来利用益生菌可能带来的好处，提供巨大的服务。
Probiotics, live microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, are quickly gaining interest as functional foods in the current era of self-care and complementary medicine. Microbes have been used for years in food and alcoholic fermentations and relatively recently have undergone scientific scrutiny to examine their purported health benefits, Some of the claims for which research supports a beneficial effect of probiotic consumption include: improving intestinal tract health, enhancing the immune system, synthesizing and enhancing the bioavailability of nutrients, reducing symptoms of lactose intolerance, decreasing the prevalence of allergy in susceptible individuals, and reducing risk of certain cancers. The mechanisms by which probiotics exert their effects are largely unknown, but may involve modifying gut pH, antagonizing pathogens through production of antimicrobial and antibacterial compounds, competing for pathogen binding and receptor sites as well as for available nutrients and growth factors, stimulating immunomodulatory cells, and producing lactase. Selection criteria, efficacy, food and supplement sources and safety issues around probiotics are reviewed, Nutrition professionals can provide a tremendous service by helping clients overcome negative perceptions of all bacteria and, when appropriate, by developing individualized dietary plans to take advantage of the benefits probiotics may confer.