The transition of polarized dust thermal emission from the protostellar envelope to the disc scale

The transition of polarized dust thermal emission from the protostellar envelope to the disc scale
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偏振尘埃热发射从原恒星包层到盘尺度的转变

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stab2105
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Stephens, Ian
Stephens, Ian
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lam, Ka Ho;Chen, Che-Yu;Li, Zhi-Yun;Yang, Haifeng;Cox, Erin G;Looney, Leslie W;Stephens, Ian

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在越来越多的深埋原恒星系统中,用阿塔卡马大毫米/亚毫米阵列观测到了极化尘埃连续辐射。它通常显示出从原恒星包层到圆盘尺度的急剧转变,偏振分数通常从下降到,并且推断的磁场方向变得更接近系统的长轴。我们使用英仙座分子云中的原星样本定量研究了这些观测趋势,并将这些特征与非理想磁流体动力学圆盘形成模拟进行了比较。我们发现,在从包络尺度到圆盘尺度的过渡过程中,气体密度比磁场强度增加得更快,这使得颗粒在圆盘尺度上的磁对准变得更加困难。具体地说,为了通过与B场对齐的颗粒在尺度上产生观察到的极化,即使是大小相对较小的颗粒,其磁化率也需要比标准值显著增强(∼20倍),可能是通过超顺磁性包裹体。这一要求对较大的颗粒更为严格,增强因子随颗粒大小呈线性增加,毫米级颗粒达到∼2×104。即使可以实现所需的增强,在模拟中得到的推断的磁场方向也没有显示出对长轴的偏好,这与观察到的图案不一致。因此,我们得出结论,包络尺度上的偏振由磁化取向的颗粒主导,而圆盘尺度上的偏振由散射主导的模型最好地描述了观测到的趋势。
Polarized dust continuum emission has been observed with Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array in an increasing number of deeply embedded protostellar systems. It generally shows a sharp transition going from the protostellar envelope to the disc scale, with the polarization fraction typically dropping fromtoand the inferred magnetic field orientations becoming more aligned with the major axis of the system. We quantitatively investigate these observational trends using a sample of protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud and compare these features with a non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic disc formation simulation. We find that the gas density increases faster than the magnetic field strength in the transition from the envelope to the disc scale, which makes it more difficult to magnetically align the grains on the disc scale. Specifically, to produce the observedpolarization atscale via grains aligned with the B-field, even relatively small grains ofin size need to have their magnetic susceptibilities significantly enhanced (by a factor of ∼20) over the standard value, potentially through superparamagnetic inclusions. This requirement is more stringent for larger grains, with the enhancement factor increasing linearly with the grain size, reaching ∼2 × 104for millimetre-sized grains. Even if the required enhancement can be achieved, the resulting inferred magnetic field orientation in the simulation does not show a preference for the major axis, which is inconsistent with the observed pattern. We thus conclude that the observed trends are best described by the model where the polarization on the envelope scale is dominated by magnetically aligned grains and that on the disc scale by scattering.
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