The circulation systems of Bikini and Rongelap lagoons
The circulation systems of Bikini and Rongelap lagoons
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比基尼泻湖和朗格拉普泻湖的循环系统
DOI：
10.1029/tr029i006p00861
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发表时间：
1948
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. S. V. Arx
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. S. V. Arx
在1946年初的四个半月里，人们在比基尼和朗格拉普环礁实地考察了泻湖内的循环系统。根据早期的现场数据，在运动学相似模型的实验室中进行了额外的天气学研究。这些研究的结果后来与现场的进一步观察结果进行了检验。结果表明，两个环流均表现为一次环流(翻转风生环流)和二次环流(由两个相对旋转的隔室组成的旋转式环流)。初级环流的方向和次级环流的反向旋转舱室之间的划分总是包含在一个垂直平面上，该平面的方位大致与盛行风的方位相同。两个环流的强度均随过去24小时的平均风力而有所不同。主要和次要环流模式的扰动是由潮汐、波浪和围绕马绍尔群岛北部环礁的北赤道流造成的。季节变化也被注意到；当东北信风盛行时，冬季的环流表现出明显的稳定性和强度，这是夏季环礁处于低谷带边缘时所缺乏的。
除了环流的定性概要外，还以表格形式提供了数值数据，其中显示了泻湖与海洋之间的体积水交换。对每个泻湖的更新和倾覆速度进行了估计。给出了比基尼在表面平面上的涡扩散值图表，以及在各种风和电流强度下电流极点和染料轨迹行为的次要数据。
Four and one-half months of the early part of 1946 were spent in the field at Bikini and Rongelap Atolls to study the circulation systems within the lagoons. Additional synoptic studies were made in the laboratory of kinematically similar models based on early field data. The results of these studies were later tested against further observations made in the field. It was found that both lagoons exhibited a primary circulation (overturning wind-driven circulation) and a secondary circulation (rotary circulation composed of two counter-rotating compartments). The direction of the primary circulation and the division between the counter-rotating compartments of the secondary circulation were always contained in a vertical plane having roughly the azimuth of the prevailing wind. The vigor of both circulations varied with the average wind strength taken over the previous 24 hours. Perturbations of the primary and secondary modes of circulation were produced by tides, waves, and the North Equatorial Current which surrounds the atolls of the northern Marshall Islands group. Seasonal changes were also noted; the circulation of the winter months when the northeast trade-winds prevail showed a marked stability and strength which was lacking in the summer season when the atolls are on the edge of the belt of doldrums.
In addition to the qualitative synopsis of the circulations, numerical data are presented in tabular form which show the volumetric exchanges of water between the lagoons and the ocean. An estimate is made of the rates of refreshment and overturning of each lagoon. A chart of the values of eddy diffusion in the surface plane is given for Bikini, as well as secondary data on the behavior of current poles and dye trails in a variety of wind and current strengths.