Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Nervous System
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation in Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Nervous System
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1656-20.2020
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发表时间：
2021-02-03
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Zhang, Mingjie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hayashi, Yasunori;Ford, Lenzie K.;Zhang, Mingjie
细胞内的分子被分离成不同的功能区域，形成不同的细胞器。虽然其中一些细胞器被脂质膜分隔，但其他细胞器缺乏膜包围。最近，液-液相分离（LLPS）彻底改变了我们对大分子分离如何产生无膜细胞器的看法。虽然LLPS的概念已经在软物质物理和聚合物化学领域得到了很好的研究，但它的重要性直到最近才在生物学领域得到认识。它通常发生在具有多价相互作用的大分子之间。有趣的是，这些特征存在于许多在神经元中发挥关键功能的分子中。在这篇综述中，我们涵盖了在不同的神经生理学和病理学背景下LLPS的最新主题。
Molecules within cells are segregated into functional domains to form various organelles. While some of those organelles are delimited by lipid membranes demarcating their constituents, others lack a membrane enclosure. Recently, liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) revolutionized our view of how segregation of macromolecules can produce membraneless organelles. While the concept of LLPS has been well studied in the areas of soft matter physics and polymer chemistry, its significance has only recently been recognized in the field of biology. It occurs typically between macromolecules that have multivalent interactions. Interestingly, these features are present in many molecules that exert key functions within neurons. In this review, we cover recent topics of LLPS in different contexts of neuronal physiology and pathology.