The CIA as middle east peace broker?
The CIA as middle east peace broker?
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中央情报局充当中东和平斡旋者？
DOI：
10.1080/00396330312331343516
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
S. Shpiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Shpiro
情报机构的主要角色当然是获取信息，他们在发起秘密行动方面扮演次要角色，也是更具争议性的角色。但长期以来，情报机构也一直与外交和解决冲突联系在一起--不仅作为被动的信息提供者，而且作为决策过程的固有部分。1三个独特的特点使他们适合这项任务。首先，情报工作本质上是保密的，因此不太容易受到不利媒体和公众干预的影响。2第二，由于情报机构的安全职能以及情报机构可以为政府决策者提供的关键的实际支持，情报官员经常在他们评估的国家进行直接的高层接触。这些独特的联系可以被动员起来进行和平努力，绕过传统的、往往是繁琐的外交渠道。3第三，通过向其他国家政府的对应机构提供安全技术、培训和设施，情报机构可以创造强大的合作动力。美国中央情报局(CIA)将所有这三个特征都运用到了以巴和平进程中，并在第二次起义中一直是唯一能够在以色列和巴勒斯坦权力机构之间架起桥梁的参与者。自2000年10月起义开始以来，以巴和平进程已屈服于暴力。许多国际行为者--包括美国政府、欧盟、联合国和杰出的世界领导人--试图让双方重返建设性对话的努力一再失败。作为1993年《奥斯陆协定》基石之一的以色列和巴勒斯坦权力机构之间的安全合作已经停止。恐怖主义、有针对性的杀戮和大规模的民众骚乱取代了奥斯陆时代特有的有条件的互信。通过其在该地区的代表和
The primary role of intelligence services is of course to obtain information, and they have a secondary and more controversial role in initiating covert action. But intelligence agencies also have long been associated with diplomacy and conflict-resolution–not merely as passive providers of information but also as an inherent part of the policymaking process. 1 Three unique characteristics make them suitable for this task. First, intelligence work is by nature secret, making it less susceptible to adverse media and public interference. 2 Second, because of their security functions and the crucial practical support that intelligence agencies can provide for government decision-makers, intelligence officials often make direct toplevel contacts in the countries that they assess. These unique contacts can be mobilised for peacemaking efforts, bypassing traditional and often cumbersome diplomatic channels. 3 Third, by providing security technology, training and facilities to counterparts in other governments, intelligence services can create strong incentives for cooperation. The US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has brought all three characteristics to bear on the Israeli–Palestinian peace process, and has remained the only actor in a position to bridge Israel and the Palestinian Authority throughout the second intifada. Since the intifada began in October 2000, the Israeli–Palestinian peace process has yielded to violence. Attempts by numerous international actors–including the US administration, the European Union, the UN and distinguished world leaders–to bring both sides back into a constructive dialogue have repeatedly failed. Security cooperation between Israel and the Palestinian Authority (PA), one of the cornerstones of the 1993 Oslo Accords, has ceased. Terrorism, targeted killings and large-scale popular unrest have replaced the qualified mutual trust that characterised the Oslo years. Through its representatives in the region and the personal engagement of