How Network Analysis Can Inform the Study of International Relations
How Network Analysis Can Inform the Study of International Relations
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网络分析如何为国际关系研究提供信息
DOI：
10.1177/0738894212443341
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Z. Maoz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Z. Maoz
2010年12月10日，27岁的街头小贩穆罕默德·布阿齐齐（Mohamed Bouazizi）用一罐汽油自焚，以抗议突尼斯警方没收他的蔬菜车。这引发了一系列抗议活动，导致本-阿里总统于2011年1月14日被推翻。突尼斯独裁者刚下台，中东各地就爆发了民众示威。不久之后，自1981年以来一直掌权的埃及强人胡斯尼·穆巴拉克被迫辞职。经过一场激烈的内战，在北约空袭的帮助下，利比亚的长期政权被推翻，其领导人卡扎菲被打死。巴林、也门、利比亚和叙利亚也爆发了起义（约旦、摩洛哥、阿尔及利亚和伊朗也爆发了规模较小的示威活动）。当这些文字被写下来的时候，其中一些起义已经被蛮力镇压（巴林），另一些则随着政权的重大改革而暂时消失（约旦，摩洛哥），还有一些（叙利亚，也门）正在进行中。2008年夏天，美国的房地产泡沫随着雷曼兄弟投资银行的倒闭而破裂。这导致了其他银行的倒闭和联邦政府支持的主要抵押贷款公司面临倒闭的威胁。这导致美国股票价格大幅下跌，经济陷入深度衰退。日本和欧洲的许多银行也大量投资于美国的住房贷款市场，或与美国银行进行相关交易。经济衰退迅速蔓延到欧洲。很快，许多欧洲国家--特别是希腊，但其他国家也一样--积累的债务远远超过了它们的经济能力（NYT.com，10月23日星期日）。维斯于美元的贬值，欧元已经走强，现在正处于崩溃的危险之中。这些都是扩散的故事：第一个故事详细描述了政权更迭的蔓延;第二个故事详细描述了经济衰退的蔓延。寓意很简单：政治和经济--包括国内和国际--都在反思
On 10 December 2010, Mohamed Bouazizi, a 27-year street-vendor, used a can of gasoline to burn himself to death in protest at the confiscation of his vegetable cart by Tunisian police. This sparked a series of protests which led to the overthrow of President Ben-Ali on 14 January 2011. No sooner did the Tunisian dictator step down than popular demonstrations erupted across the Middle East. Shortly afterwards, Egyptian strongman Hosni Mubarak, who had been in power since 1981, was forced to resign. After a violent civil war, and with the help of air attacks by NATO, Libya’s long-standing regime was overthrown, and its leader, Moammar Gadhafi, was killed. Other uprisings broke out in Bahrain, Yemen, Libya, and Syria (and more limited demonstrations broke out in Jordan, Morocco, Algeria, and Iran). As these lines are being written, some of these uprisings have been suppressed with brute force (Bahrain), others have petered out for the time being as the regimes institute significant reforms (Jordan, Morocco), and still others (Syria, Yemen) are ongoing. In the summer of 2008, the housing bubble in the United States burst with the collapse of the Lehman Brothers investment bank. This led to the collapse of other banks and the threat of collapse of major Federally-supported mortgage companies. This resulted in a major drop in stock prices and a deep recession in the United States. Many banks in Japan and Europe were also heavily invested in the housing loan market in the United States, or in related transactions with American banks. The recession quickly spread into Europe. It soon became evident that many European states—Greece in particular, but others as well—had accumulated debts that far exceeded their economic capacity (NYT.com, Sunday 23 Oct.). The Euro, which has gained strength vis-à-vis the shrinking value of the US dollar, is now in danger of collapsing. These are stories of diffusion: the first story details the spread of regime change; the second story details the spread of economic downturns. The moral is simple: politics and economics—both domestic and international—reflect