Hypothermia-Related Deaths — Wisconsin, 2014, and United States, 2003–2013
Hypothermia-Related Deaths — Wisconsin, 2014, and United States, 2003–2013
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与体温过低相关的死亡——威斯康星州，2014 年和美国，2003-2013 年
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Tomasallo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Meiman;H. Anderson;C. Tomasallo
体温过低被定义为核心体温<95°F（<35°C），由环境暴露、药物中毒或代谢或神经系统功能障碍引起。暴露于寒冷是与天气有关的死亡率的主要原因，在美国每年死亡人数约为暴露于高温的两倍。为了了解低体温相关死亡的风险因素并改善预防工作，在2014年1月1日至4月30日期间，一段创纪录的低温时期，威斯康星州公共卫生部开始积极监测低体温。死因裁判官或医学检查员报告了疑似与脑下垂体有关的死亡，并在死亡记录中予以确认。通过审查死亡调查叙述，确认体温过低为死亡原因。本报告描述了威斯康星州三例与低血糖相关的死亡病例，并总结了该州在主动监测期间发生的所有病例的特征。还提供了2003-2013年期间美国低血糖相关死亡的总结，以进行比较和评估国家死亡率趋势。体温过低仍然是与天气有关的死亡的一个重要原因。主要风险因素包括药物中毒、精神疾病和社会孤立。州和地方卫生机构可能需要重点关注弱势群体，并针对死亡风险最高的群体采取干预措施。
Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature of <95°F (<35°C) and is caused by environmental exposure, drug intoxication, or metabolic or nervous system dysfunction. Exposure to cold is a leading cause of weather-related mortality and is responsible for approximately twice the number of deaths annually as exposure to heat in the United States. To understand the risk factors for hypothermia-related death and improve prevention efforts, during January 1-April 30, 2014, a period of record low temperatures, the Wisconsin Division of Public Health began active surveillance for hypothermia. Suspected hypothermia-related deaths were reported by coroners or medical examiners and identified in death records. Hypothermia was confirmed as the cause of death by review of death investigation narratives. This report describes three selected cases of hypothermia-related deaths in Wisconsin and summarizes characteristics of all cases that occurred in the state during the period of active surveillance. A summary of hypothermia-related deaths for the United States during 2003-2013 also is presented for comparison and to assess national mortality trends. Hypothermia continues to be an important cause of weather-related death. Key risk factors include drug intoxication, mental illness, and social isolation. State and local health agencies might need to focus outreach on vulnerable populations and target interventions for groups at highest risk for death.