Gamma-transcranial alternating current stimulation on the cerebellum and supplementary motor area improves bimanual motor skill
Gamma-transcranial alternating current stimulation on the cerebellum and supplementary motor area improves bimanual motor skill
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113805
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发表时间：
2022-02-18
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Onishi, Hideaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyaguchi, Shota;Inukai, Yasuto;Onishi, Hideaki
背景：双手动作需要双手的复杂协调。为了提高双手运动技能，之前的研究采用非侵入性脑刺激方法来评估其对对称和/或粗大双手运动技能的影响。然而，不对称和复杂的动作并没有得到充分的改善。使用非侵入性脑刺激的研究检查了刺激对主要和辅助运动区 (SMA) 的影响，但对小脑区域没有影响。目的：我们研究了调节大脑皮层、小脑和 SMA 振荡的经颅交流电刺激 (tACS) 是否可以改善双手运动。方法：通过以下方式对 22 名健康年轻人（平均年龄：21.3 +/- 1.5 岁）的双手运动进行了评估普渡大学钉板测试 (PPT) 的 13 次试验。直流刺激器通过放置在 SMA、小脑和左肩上的电极以 1 mA 强度提供 70 Hz tACS (gamma-tACS)，以 5 秒的淡入/淡出循环为 5 秒，每次试验的总刺激持续时间为 60 秒。应用四种刺激条件并比较统计差异。结果：小脑的 γ-tACS、SMA 的 γ-tACS 以及两个区域的同时刺激导致 PPT 表现得分显着提高。小脑的 γ-tACS 改善了所有受试者的 PPT 表现，并且比 SMA 的 γ-tACS 更有效。结论：小脑的 γ-tACS 有效且可靠地提高了复杂的双手运动技能。尽管刺激效果的神经机制仍不清楚，但这些结果可以指导未来开发用于提高双手运动技能的新刺激方法。
Background: Bimanual movements require sophisticated coordination of both hands. For improving bimanual motor skills, previous studies employed non-invasive brain stimulation methods to evaluate their effects on symmetrical and/or gross bimanual motor skills. However, asymmetrical and elaborate movements were not sufficiently improved. Studies using non-invasive brain stimulation have examined the effects of stimulation on the primary and supplementary motor areas (SMA), but not on the cerebellar regions.Objective: We investigated whether the transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), which modulates oscillations in the cerebral cortex, of the cerebellum and SMA improves bimanual movements.Methods: Bimanual movements were assessed in 22 healthy young adults (mean age: 21.3 +/- 1.5 years) via 13 trials of the Purdue Pegboard Test (PPT). A DC stimulator delivered 70 Hz tACS (gamma-tACS) at 1 mA intensity via electrodes placed over the SMA, cerebellum and left shoulder in 5 s fade in/out cycles of 5 s for a total stimulus duration of 60 s for in each trial. Four stimulation conditions were applied and compared for statistical differences.Results: The gamma-tACS of the cerebellum, gamma-tACS of the SMA and simultaneous stimulation of both regions caused significant improvement in PPT performance scores. The gamma-tACS of the cerebellum improved PPT performance in all subjects and was more effective than the gamma-tACS of the SMA.Conclusion: The gamma-tACS of the cerebellum effectively and reliably improves complex bimanual motor skills. Although the neural mechanisms of the stimulation effect remain unclear, these results can guide the future development of new stimulation methods for improving bimanual motor skills.