Are conservation agriculture (CA) systems productive and profitable options for smallholder farmers in different agro-ecoregions of Zimbabwe?
Are conservation agriculture (CA) systems productive and profitable options for smallholder farmers in different agro-ecoregions of Zimbabwe?
复制标题
对于津巴布韦不同农业生态区的小农来说，保护性农业（CA）系统是否是高效且有利可图的选择？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
I. Nyagumbo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Mupangwa;M. Mutenje;C. Thierfelder;I. Nyagumbo
传统的连续耕作加上不系统的谷物/豆类轮作导致小农的作物生产力低下。在津巴布韦的三个农业生态区建立了一项多地点研究。本研究的目的是确定四种耕作制度（传统耕作制度、种植盆地制度、环线耕作制度和动物牵引直接播种制度）对玉米（Zea mays L.）和豇豆（Vigna unguiculata (L.)）的影响。和大豆[甘氨酸max (L.)]产量，并评估保护性农业（CA）系统相对于传统耕作的经济表现。每个农民在三个种植季节重复试验。在高降雨量（750-1000毫米/年）和低降雨量（450-650毫米/年）地区，常规做法和CA系统的玉米产量相似。在中等降雨条件下（500-800毫米），播种系统和直接播种系统的玉米产量比常规做法高出547、548和1690公斤公顷。在高降水区和低降水区，常规做法区和种植区玉米生产风险最低。套播和直播的豇豆产量分别比常规增产35%和45%。撒播系统的大豆产量（36%）和直播系统的大豆产量（51%）高于常规做法。在所有ae中，直接播种法的净效益最高。对我们研究中测试的不同种植制度进行长期生物物理和社会经济评估的组合是至关重要的，以便充分了解它们在津巴布韦不同ae下的表现。
Abstract Continuous conventional tillage coupled with unsystematic cereal/legume rotations has promoted low crop productivity on smallholder farms. A multi-locational study was established in three agro-ecoregions (AEs) of Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of four tillage systems (conventional plowing, planting basins, rip-line and animal traction direct seeding systems) on maize (Zea mays L.), cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] yields, and evaluate the economic performance of the conservation agriculture (CA) systems relative to conventional plowing. Each farmer was a replicate of the trial over the three cropping seasons. In the high (750–1000 mm per annum) and low (450–650 mm) rainfall AEs, conventional practice and CA systems gave similar maize grain yield. Under medium rainfall conditions (500–800 mm) planting basins, rip-line and direct seeding systems gave 547, 548 and 1690 kg ha−1 more maize yield than the conventional practice. In the high and low rainfall AEs, conventional practice and planting basins had the lowest maize production risk. Cowpea yield was 35 and 45% higher in the rip-line and direct seeding than conventional practice. Soybean yield was higher in rip-line (36%) and direct seeding (51%) systems than conventional practice. Direct seeding system gave the highest net benefits in all AEs. A combination of long-term biophysical and socio-economic assessments of the different cropping systems tested in our study is critical in order to fully understand their performance under different AEs of Zimbabwe.