The evolution of reproductive restraint through social communication
The evolution of reproductive restraint through social communication
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0305059101
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发表时间：
2004-07-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Bar-Yam, Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Werfel, J;Bar-Yam, Y
利他行为通过群体选择的进化通常被认为在理论上是可能的，但在现实中是不可能的，因为有利于自私策略的个体选择应该比有利于合作的群体选择更快地起作用。在这里，我们展示了利他主义的演变，在一个空间分布的捕食/寄生/致病模型系统的基础上，明确的社会机制，调制的种群内通信，包括信号和进化的反应，条件生殖约束的形式。掠食性物种一贯来利用一个信号，这意味着过度拥挤，个人限制他们的生殖反应，在没有信号的平衡繁殖率相应增加。这种信号约束出现在一个强大的方式为一系列的模型空间系统，它胜过非信号为基础的约束，是不容易被颠覆的非合作的变种。在这些系统中，通信被用于评估种群密度并相应地调节繁殖，这与Wynne-Edwards的中心思想一致[Wynne-Edwards，V.C.（1962）《动物的分散与社会行为》（Hafner，纽约），他关于群体选择在进化中的重要性的主张引发了数十年的争议。这个定量模拟模型显示了从独居到社会性的关键进化转变是如何发生的。这里所描述的通过交流进化的合作过程也可能有助于解释其他主要的进化转变，例如导致多细胞生物的细胞间交流。
The evolution of altruistic behavior through group selection is generally viewed as possible in theory but unlikely in reality, because individual selection favoring selfish strategies should act more rapidly than group selection favoring cooperation. Here we demonstrate the evolution of altruism, in the form of conditional reproductive restraint based on an explicitly social mechanism, modulated by intrapopulation communication comprising signal and evolved response, in a spatially distributed predatory/parasitic/pathogenic model system. The predatory species consistently comes to exploit a signal implying overcrowding, individuals constraining their reproduction in response, with a corresponding increase in equilibrium reproduction rate in the absence of signal. This signaled restraint arises in a robust way for a range of model spatial systems; it outcompetes non-signal-based restraint and is not vulnerable to subversion by noncooperating variants. In these systems, communication is used to evaluate population density and regulate reproduction accordingly, consistent with central ideas of Wynne-Edwards [Wynne-Edwards, V. C. (1962) Animal Dispersion in Relation to Social Behavior (Hafner, New York)], whose claims about the evolutionary importance of group selection helped ignite decades of controversy. This quantitative simulation model shows how the key evolutionary transition from solitary living to sociality can occur. The process described here of cooperation evolving through communication may also help to explain other major evolutionary transitions such as intercellular communication leading to multicellular organisms.