The effects of categorization on social judgement
The effects of categorization on social judgement
复制标题
分类对社会判断的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.2044-8309.1992.tb00971.x
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发表时间：
1992
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
J. Turner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Craig McGarty;J. Turner
分类对判断的影响在现代社会心理学中占有相当重要的地位。范畴化对判断的两个主要影响是强调类内判断的相似性和类之间的判断差异。虽然有很好的证据证明每种效应都是独立的，但具体的实验往往会显示一种或另一种效果，但不是两种都显示。这里考察的变量是分类、社会影响力和关于分类的信息。在两个实验(N=96和N=103)中，两种分类效应都是外显分类的结果(实验1中的类间效应仅在中等肢体信息下显著)。此外，在实验1中，社会影响具有很强的影响力。有趣的是，研究发现，提供信息本身并不会增加分类效应的强度。结果表明，在适当的条件下，两种归类效应在社会判断任务中都是可靠的。这些发现被用来辩称，可访问的类别通常会变得突出，因为它们提供了与刺激信息有意义的匹配，并隐含地具有规范性。
The effects of categorization on judgement have been of considerable importance in recent social psychology. The two principal effects of categorization on judgement are the accentuation of judged similarities within classes and of judged differences between classes. While there is good evidence for each effect independently, specific experiments tend to show one effect or the other but not both. The variables examined here were classification, social influence and information about the classification. In two experiments (N = 96 and N = 103) both categorization effects were observed as a result of explicit classification (the interclass effect in Expt 1 being significant only with moderate extremity information). Furthermore, in Expt 1 social influence had powerful effects. Interestingly, it was found that providing information per se did not increase the strength of categorization effects. It is concluded that both categorization effects are reliable in a social judgement task under appropriate conditions. The findings are used to argue that accessible categories generally become salient where they provide a meaningful fit to stimulus information and are implicitly normative.