Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, Ichthyophonus hoferi, and other causes of morbidity in Pacific herring Clupea pallasi spawning in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA
复制标题
DOI：
10.3354/dao032015
复制
发表时间：
1998-02-26
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Hinton, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marty, GD;Freiberg, EF;Hinton, DE
美国阿拉斯加州威廉王子湾的太平洋贝灵鱼种群从1992年的9.8×10(7)公斤下降到1994年的1.5×10(7)公斤。为了确定疾病在种群数量下降中的作用，1994年4月对来自威廉王子湾的233条太平洋鲱鱼进行了全面尸检。从233条鱼中分离到11条(4.7%)病毒出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)。VHSV与心肌矿化、肝细胞坏死、粘膜下胃炎和脑膜脑炎显著相关。在212条鱼中，有62条(29%)感染了霍费氏鱼。霍费氏菌感染与严重的播散性肉芽肿性炎症以及血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CPK)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平升高有关。1994年霍费病流行率是前几年的两倍多(至1993年)。男性血浆化学值显著高于女性(p<；0.01)，包括白蛋白、总蛋白、胆固醇、氯化物、葡萄糖和钾；女性仅碱性磷酸酶显著高于女性。低蛋白血症在产后雌性中相对常见；其他危险因素包括VHSV和中度或重度局灶性皮肤发红。太平洋鲱鱼有10多种寄生虫，但它们与重大病变无关。其中两种寄生虫以前从未被描述过：肾导管内粘孢子虫(11%的发病率)和肠道球虫(91%的发病率)。一个孤立的肠系膜病变的透射电子显微镜显示病毒颗粒与淋巴囊肿病毒一致。无鱼病毒性红细胞坏死(VEN)。外部肉眼病变和主要寄生虫的流行与鱼龄无关，1989年“埃克森-瓦尔迪兹”漏油事件(1988年级)发生时仍是一岁幼鱼的鱼没有增加疾病流行的证据。
Pacific berring Clupea pallasi populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, declined from an estimated 9.8 x 10(7) kg in 1992 to 1.5 x 10(7) kg in 1994. To determine the role of disease in population decline, 233 Pacific herring from Prince William Sound were subjected to complete necropsy during April 1994. The North American strain of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was isolated from 11 of 233 fish (4.7%). VHSV was significantly related to myocardial mineralization, hepatocellular necrosis, submucosal gastritis, and meningoencephalitis. Ichthyophonus hoferi infected 62 of 212 (29%) fish. I. hoferi infections were associated with severe, disseminated, granulomatous inflammation and with increased levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). I. hoferi prevalence in 1994 was more than double that of most previous years (1989 to 1993). Plasma chemistry values significantly greater (p < 0.01) in males than females included albumin, total protein, cholesterol, chloride, glucose, and potassium; only alkaline phosphatase was significantly greater in females. Hypoalbuminemia was relatively common in postspawning females; other risk factors included VHSV and moderate or severe focal skin reddening. Pacific herring had more than 10 species of parasites, but they were not associated with significant lesions. Two of the parasites have not previously been described: a renal intraductal myxosporean (11% prevalence) and an intestinal coccidian (91% prevalence). Transmission electron microscopy of a solitary mesenteric lesion revealed viral particles consistent with lymphocystis virus. No fish had viral erythrocytic necrosis (VEN). Prevalence of external gross lesions and major parasites was not related to fish age, and fish that were yearlings at the time of the 1989 'Exxon Valdez' oil spill (1988 year class) had no evidence of increased disease prevalence.